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Volume 14
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10.3390/foods14162766
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Systematic Review

The Role of Olive Oil Polyphenols in Osteosarcopenic Obesity-Related Biological Domains: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

by
Roberta Zupo
1,*,
Fabio Castellana
1,
Maria Lisa Clodoveo
1,
Giuseppe Lisco
1,
Giuseppe Mazzola
2,
Mariangela Rondanelli
3,
Alice Cantù
3,
Patrizia Riso
3 and
Simone Perna
4
1
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy
2
Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
3
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
4
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2025, 14(16), 2766; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162766
Submission received: 17 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Link Between Nutrition, Developmental Plasticity and Human Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is an emerging syndrome characterized by the coexistence of obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, primarily affecting aging populations. Nutrition, especially polyphenol-rich foods like extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), may play a preventive or therapeutic role in OSO. This review aims to critically examine evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies on the effects of olive oil polyphenols on OSO-related biological domains. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified from PubMed and Google Scholar using MeSH terms related to olive oil, polyphenols, and OSO-associated conditions. In vitro and in vivo studies (both in animal and human models) published in the last ten years were included. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251077836). Results: Fifteen studies were included: eight in vitro, four in vivo on animal models, and three human trials. Phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal, and oleacein demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, and osteo-/myo-protective effects. These compounds modulated key metabolic pathways and gene expression related to adipogenesis, bone metabolism, and muscle integrity. Conclusions: Olive oil polyphenols exhibit promising biological effects on the tissues involved in OSO. Although evidence is mostly preclinical, selected compounds (notably hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein) may serve as adjuncts in nutritional strategies for OSO prevention.
Keywords: osteosarcopenic obesity; olive oil; polyphenols; hydroxytyrosol; oleuropein; adipogenesis; osteoporosis; sarcopenia osteosarcopenic obesity; olive oil; polyphenols; hydroxytyrosol; oleuropein; adipogenesis; osteoporosis; sarcopenia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zupo, R.; Castellana, F.; Clodoveo, M.L.; Lisco, G.; Mazzola, G.; Rondanelli, M.; Cantù, A.; Riso, P.; Perna, S. The Role of Olive Oil Polyphenols in Osteosarcopenic Obesity-Related Biological Domains: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Foods 2025, 14, 2766. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162766

AMA Style

Zupo R, Castellana F, Clodoveo ML, Lisco G, Mazzola G, Rondanelli M, Cantù A, Riso P, Perna S. The Role of Olive Oil Polyphenols in Osteosarcopenic Obesity-Related Biological Domains: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Foods. 2025; 14(16):2766. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162766

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zupo, Roberta, Fabio Castellana, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Giuseppe Lisco, Giuseppe Mazzola, Mariangela Rondanelli, Alice Cantù, Patrizia Riso, and Simone Perna. 2025. "The Role of Olive Oil Polyphenols in Osteosarcopenic Obesity-Related Biological Domains: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence" Foods 14, no. 16: 2766. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162766

APA Style

Zupo, R., Castellana, F., Clodoveo, M. L., Lisco, G., Mazzola, G., Rondanelli, M., Cantù, A., Riso, P., & Perna, S. (2025). The Role of Olive Oil Polyphenols in Osteosarcopenic Obesity-Related Biological Domains: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Foods, 14(16), 2766. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162766

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