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Article

Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
María Orosia Lucha-López
1,
César Hidalgo-García
1,*,
Ana Carmen Lucha-López
2,
Sofía Monti-Ballano
1,
Sergio Márquez-Gonzalvo
1,
Loreto Ferrández-Laliena
1,
Héctor José Tricás-Vidal
1 and
José Miguel Tricás-Moreno
1
1
Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
2
Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2023, 12(21), 4030; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214030
Submission received: 20 October 2023 / Accepted: 3 November 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Food Nutrition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The consumption of vegetables is one of the fundamentals of a healthy diet. The purposes of the present study were to describe the frequency of consumption of vegetables in the general Spanish population and to explore the relations between the consumption of vegetables and sex, age, cohabitation circumstances, educational level, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished based on data from the European Health Survey in Spain (2020). Results: A total of 20,745 (52.1% women) subjects with a median age of 54 years old were included. Only 2.8% of them ate vegetables at least three times a day. The adjusted generalized linear model showed that being a woman increased the odds of consuming vegetables at least three times a day by 1.666 times (p < 0.001). Not cohabiting as a couple decreased the odds by 0.783 (p < 0.001). Having studied at a university increased the odds by 1.812 times (p < 0.001) and possessing a certificate of higher education by 1.408 (p = 0.030). Being overweight decreased the odds by 0.924 (p = 0.006). For every additional year of age, the odds of consuming vegetables at least three times a day increased by 1.3% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The vast majority of the general Spanish population did not consume an optimal amount of vegetables. Women, people with higher levels of education, and older individuals reported having a more frequent intake of vegetables. Not cohabiting as a couple and being overweight were related to a less frequent intake of vegetables.
Keywords: vegetables; dietary habits; demographic factors; social factors; BMI; Spain vegetables; dietary habits; demographic factors; social factors; BMI; Spain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lucha-López, M.O.; Hidalgo-García, C.; Lucha-López, A.C.; Monti-Ballano, S.; Márquez-Gonzalvo, S.; Ferrández-Laliena, L.; Tricás-Vidal, H.J.; Tricás-Moreno, J.M. Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods 2023, 12, 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214030

AMA Style

Lucha-López MO, Hidalgo-García C, Lucha-López AC, Monti-Ballano S, Márquez-Gonzalvo S, Ferrández-Laliena L, Tricás-Vidal HJ, Tricás-Moreno JM. Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods. 2023; 12(21):4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucha-López, María Orosia, César Hidalgo-García, Ana Carmen Lucha-López, Sofía Monti-Ballano, Sergio Márquez-Gonzalvo, Loreto Ferrández-Laliena, Héctor José Tricás-Vidal, and José Miguel Tricás-Moreno. 2023. "Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study" Foods 12, no. 21: 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214030

APA Style

Lucha-López, M. O., Hidalgo-García, C., Lucha-López, A. C., Monti-Ballano, S., Márquez-Gonzalvo, S., Ferrández-Laliena, L., Tricás-Vidal, H. J., & Tricás-Moreno, J. M. (2023). Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods, 12(21), 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214030

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