Comparative Study of Bioactive Lipid Extraction from Squid (Doryteuthis gahi) by-Products by Green Solvents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Solvents, Chemicals, and Standars
2.2. Initial Squid, Lyophilisation, and Extracting Systems
2.3. Moisture Assessment, Lipid Extraction, and Lipid Yield
2.4. Lipid Class Analysis
2.5. Analysis of the FA Composition
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of Moisture and Lipid Contents
3.2. Determination of Lipid Classes
3.3. Fatty Acid (FA) Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substrate | Extracting System | Lipid Determination | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid Yield (g·kg−1 by-products) | FFAs (g·kg−1 lipids) | STs (g·kg−1 lipids) | TAGs (g·kg−1 lipids) | ||
Initial by-products | CHCl3/MeOH | 19.0 ± 0.5 a | 228.2 ± 6.1 c (4.34) | 103.6 ± 2.6 a (0.20) | 8.5 ± 0.1 c (0.02) |
Lyophilised by-products | CHCl3/MeOH | 103.8 ± 1.8 e | 194.4 ± 6.7 a (2.02) | 102.6 ± 4.8 a (1.06) | 8.4 ± 0.7 c (0.09) |
EtOH | 65.6 ± 4.2 d | 210.1 ± 4.5 b,c (1.38) | 138.5 ± 2.6 b (0.91) | 1.2 ± 0.7 a (0.01) | |
AcMe | 36.3 ± 0.4 b | 366.3 ± 14.8 f (1.33) | 260.0 ± 9.5 e (0.94) | 7.0 ± 0.7 b,c (0.03) | |
AcOEt | 46.8 ± 1.6 c | 256.7 ± 8.0 d (1.20) | 188.3 ± 6.9 c (0.88) | 6.1 ± 1.1 b (0.03) | |
EtOH/AcMe | 73.6 ± 2.7 d | 197.72 ± 2.2 a (1.46) | 127.8 ± 6.7 b (0.94) | 1.6 ± 0.3 a (0.01) | |
EtOH/AcOEt | 71.1 ± 1.2 d | 201.3 ± 2.9 a,b (1.43) | 132.5 ± 1.1 b (0.94) | 2.2 ± 0.9 a (0.02) | |
AcMe/AcOEt | 41.6 ± 2.1 c | 307.6 ± 2.4 e (1.28) | 232.0 ± 14.8 d (0.97) | 5.4 ± 1.0 b (0.02) |
Substrate | Extracting System | FA Determination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STFAs | MUFAs | PUFAs | DHA | EPA | PI | ||
Initial by-products | CHCl3/MeOH | 35.20 ± 1.10 d | 14.47 ± 0.06 b | 50.03 ± 1.13 a | 29.95 ± 0.17 a | 15.88 ± 0.04 a,b | 1.80 ± 0.10 a |
Lyophilised by-products | CHCl3/MeOH | 35.10 ± 0.94 d | 13.73 ± 0.07 a | 51.17 ± 0.89 a,b | 31.12 ± 0.72 b | 16.05 ± 0.16 b | 1.83 ± 0.08 a |
EtOH | 32.58 ± 0.96 c | 15.40 ± 0.48 c | 52.02 ± 0.50 b | 32.26 ± 0.44 b | 15.72 ± 0.08 a | 1.98 ± 0.09 a | |
AcMe | 23.35 ± 0.31 a | 21.35 ± 0.41 f | 55.30 ± 0.66 d | 31.47 ± 0.51 b | 18.48 ± 0.25 c | 3.29 ± 0.09 b | |
AcOEt | 26.12 ± 1.18 b | 18.03 ± 0.18 d | 55.85 ± 1.35 c,d | 32.61 ± 1.04 b | 18.34 ± 0.27 c | 2.82 ± 0.21 b | |
EtOH/AcMe | 33.22 ± 0.53 c | 14.90 ± 0.20 b,c | 51.88 ± 0.33 a,b | 31.92 ± 0.20 b | 15.82 ± 0.16 a,b | 1.93 ± 0.04 a | |
EtOH/AcOEt | 33.04 ± 1.61 c,d | 14.59 ± 0.06 b | 52.37 ± 1.59 a,b,c | 32.58 ± 1.25 b | 15.66 ± 0.27 a,b | 1.98 ± 0.17 a | |
AcMe/AcOEt | 24.49 ± 1.54 a,b | 19.60 ± 0.23 e | 55.91 ± 1.31 c,d | 32.28 ± 1.04 b | 18.56 ± 0.17 c | 3.09 ± 0.28 b |
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Aubourg, S.P.; Trigo, M.; González, M.J.; Lois, S.; Medina, I. Comparative Study of Bioactive Lipid Extraction from Squid (Doryteuthis gahi) by-Products by Green Solvents. Foods 2022, 11, 2188. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152188
Aubourg SP, Trigo M, González MJ, Lois S, Medina I. Comparative Study of Bioactive Lipid Extraction from Squid (Doryteuthis gahi) by-Products by Green Solvents. Foods. 2022; 11(15):2188. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152188
Chicago/Turabian StyleAubourg, Santiago P., Marcos Trigo, María Jesús González, Salomé Lois, and Isabel Medina. 2022. "Comparative Study of Bioactive Lipid Extraction from Squid (Doryteuthis gahi) by-Products by Green Solvents" Foods 11, no. 15: 2188. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152188