Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aim of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Recruitment and Participants
2.3. Stimulus
2.4. Visits with Individual Testing
2.5. Intake Visit
2.6. Exposure Visit
2.7. Samples
2.8. Questionnaire
2.9. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subject Characteristics
3.2. Test Visits
3.2.1. Liking
Control Group
Exposure Groups
3.2.2. Intake
Control Group
Exposure Groups
3.3. Exposure Visits
3.3.1. Exposures 1–4
3.3.2. Exposures 4–7
3.4. Generalisation Effects
4. Discussion
4.1. Exposure Frequency
4.2. Generalisation Effects
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
6. Implications
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Visit | Groups | Test | Vegetable |
---|---|---|---|
Pre-test/baseline measurement | All | Individual testing | Familiarity and liking: Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Daikon (round), Beetroot (round) |
All | Intake (200 g) | Daikon, round | |
Exposure twice a week | 2/week | Seven exposures (100 g) | Daikon, grated |
Exposure once a week | 1/week | Seven exposures (100 g) | Daikon, grated |
Exposure once every second week | Bi-weekly | Seven exposures (100 g) | Daikon, grated |
Post-test | All | Intake (200 g) | Daikon, round |
All | Individual testing | Familiarity and liking: Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Daikon (round), Beetroot (round) | |
3-month follow-up | All | Intake (200 g) | Daikon, round |
All | Individual testing | Familiarity and liking: Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Daikon (round), Beetroot (round) | |
6-month follow-up | All | Intake (200 g) | Daikon, round |
All | Individual testing | Familiarity and liking: Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Daikon (round), Beetroot (round) |
Control | 2/Week | 1/Week | Bi-Weekly | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 50 | 47 | 32 | 30 |
Girls/boys | 23/27 | 30/17 | 14/18 | 15/15 |
Age 1 ± SEM | 51.8 ± 2.0 | 55.0 ± 0.9 | 53.8 ± 2.1 | 53.8 ± 1.4 |
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Karagiannaki, K.; Ritz, C.; Jensen, L.G.H.; Tørsleff, E.H.; Møller, P.; Hausner, H.; Olsen, A. Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children. Foods 2021, 10, 913. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050913
Karagiannaki K, Ritz C, Jensen LGH, Tørsleff EH, Møller P, Hausner H, Olsen A. Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children. Foods. 2021; 10(5):913. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050913
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaragiannaki, Klelia, Christian Ritz, Louise Grønhøj Hørbye Jensen, Ellen Hyldgaard Tørsleff, Per Møller, Helene Hausner, and Annemarie Olsen. 2021. "Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children" Foods 10, no. 5: 913. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050913
APA StyleKaragiannaki, K., Ritz, C., Jensen, L. G. H., Tørsleff, E. H., Møller, P., Hausner, H., & Olsen, A. (2021). Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children. Foods, 10(5), 913. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050913