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Dentistry Journal
Volume 14
Issue 5
10.3390/dj14050281
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Effects of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Enzymatic Activity and Bond Strength of Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Onlays: A Comparative Study of Two Universal Adhesives

by
Uros Josic
,
Tatjana Maravic
,
Carlo D’Alessandro
,
Annamaria Forte
,
Diego D’Urso
,
Sofia Avnet
,
Edoardo Mancuso
,
Annalisa Mazzoni
,
Claudia Mazzitelli
and
Lorenzo Breschi
*
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Dent. J. 2026, 14(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050281
Submission received: 7 February 2026 / Revised: 1 April 2026 / Accepted: 29 April 2026 / Published: 8 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To elucidate the effects of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) with two universal adhesive systems on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and enzymatic activity (MMPs) of CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic onlays. Methods: Twenty-four human molars were assigned to one of the following groups (n = 8) according to IDS and the adhesives used: (1) Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (IDS QB; Kuraray); (2) Scotchbond Universal Plus (IDS SB; 3M); (3) no IDS (CTR). CAD/CAM onlays (Katana Avencia Block, Kuraray) were luted using a silane-containing universal composite cement (Panavia SA Cement Universal, Kuraray). µTBS tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed after 24 h (T0) or 10,000 thermocycles (Tt). Three additional molars per group were processed to evaluate the effects of IDS on MMPs using in situ zymography at T0 and Tt. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Results: At T0, IDS QB showed a significantly higher µTBS than IDS SB and CTR (p < 0.05). Artificial aging led to significant reductions in µTBS in IDS QB and CTR (p < 0.05), while µTBS remained stable in IDS SB. Both IDS groups demonstrated higher µTBS compared with CTR after aging (p < 0.05). At T0, the application of a universal adhesive system significantly increased the levels of MMPs (IDS QB > IDS SB > CTR; p < 0.05). At Tt, IDS QB exhibited higher MMP activity compared with CTR (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IDS had a positive effect on immediate and aged µTBS, while the level of MMP activity was found to be material-dependent.
Keywords: immediate dentin sealing; luting; universal adhesive; universal resin composite cement immediate dentin sealing; luting; universal adhesive; universal resin composite cement

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MDPI and ACS Style

Josic, U.; Maravic, T.; D’Alessandro, C.; Forte, A.; D’Urso, D.; Avnet, S.; Mancuso, E.; Mazzoni, A.; Mazzitelli, C.; Breschi, L. The Effects of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Enzymatic Activity and Bond Strength of Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Onlays: A Comparative Study of Two Universal Adhesives. Dent. J. 2026, 14, 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050281

AMA Style

Josic U, Maravic T, D’Alessandro C, Forte A, D’Urso D, Avnet S, Mancuso E, Mazzoni A, Mazzitelli C, Breschi L. The Effects of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Enzymatic Activity and Bond Strength of Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Onlays: A Comparative Study of Two Universal Adhesives. Dentistry Journal. 2026; 14(5):281. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050281

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josic, Uros, Tatjana Maravic, Carlo D’Alessandro, Annamaria Forte, Diego D’Urso, Sofia Avnet, Edoardo Mancuso, Annalisa Mazzoni, Claudia Mazzitelli, and Lorenzo Breschi. 2026. "The Effects of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Enzymatic Activity and Bond Strength of Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Onlays: A Comparative Study of Two Universal Adhesives" Dentistry Journal 14, no. 5: 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050281

APA Style

Josic, U., Maravic, T., D’Alessandro, C., Forte, A., D’Urso, D., Avnet, S., Mancuso, E., Mazzoni, A., Mazzitelli, C., & Breschi, L. (2026). The Effects of Immediate Dentin Sealing on the Enzymatic Activity and Bond Strength of Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Onlays: A Comparative Study of Two Universal Adhesives. Dentistry Journal, 14(5), 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050281

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