Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Population
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Study Selection and Eligibility Process
2.5. Data Items
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Introduction of the Selected Studies
3.3. Indexes Comparison
3.4. Studies’ Details
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AG | Aligners group |
API | Approximative plaque index |
BoP | Bleeding of probing |
CCM | Conventional ceramic brackets |
ELB | Elastomeric-ligated brackets |
FG | Fixed group |
FMBS | Full mouth bleeding score |
FMPS | Full mouth plaque score |
GI | Gingival index |
MPI | Modified plaque index |
PBE | Periodontal basic examination |
PBI | Papillary bleeding index |
PD | Probing depth |
PI | Plaque index |
REC | Gingival recession |
SBI | Sulcus bleeding index |
SLB | Self-ligated brackets |
Tn | Time measure in months |
References
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Population (P) | Patients under Orthodontic Treatment with Multibracket Orthodontic Appliances or Clear Aligners |
---|---|
Intervention (I) | Patients treated with clear aligners |
Comparison (C) | Patients using multibracket orthodontic appliances |
Outcome (O) | Periodontal health |
Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Clinical study on human fitting with the subject | Narrative review |
RCT, prospective or cohort study comparing periodontal indexes of patients treated with multibracket appliance and aligners with follow-up | Retrospective study |
RCT, prospective or cohort study comparing periodontal indexes of patients treated with multibracket appliance and aligners without follow-up | Secondary study |
Articles without clinical studies | |
Articles in English | No full-text available |
Studies fitting with the subject using Invisalign technology | No relevant title or abstract |
Patient with antibiotic therapy or periodontitis |
Authors (Refs.) | Female/Male | Sample Number | Average Age | Recruitment Time | Study Design | City/Country | Outcome Measures | Time Measures | Number of Multibracket Appliances | Number of Clear Aligners | Potential Biases |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pango Madaraiga et al., 2020 | 20/20 | Total: 40 | Mean age FG: 20.6 Mean age CA: 34.7 | Unknown | Prospective clinical study | Naples, Italy | PD PI BoP REC | T0 T3 | 20 | 20 | Without long-term assessment |
Chhibber et al., 2017 | 30/41 | Total: 71 | Mean age 15.6 ± 4.3 | 2011–2014 | Randomized control trial | Connecticut, Australia | PI GI PerioBl | T0 T9 T18 | 44 22 ELB 22 SLB | 27 | Different periods of assessment (without short-term) |
Levrini et al., 2015 | 52/25 | Total 77 (33: Control) | 16 to 30 years old Mean age: 24.3 | Unknown | Prospective study | Varese, Italy | PI PD BoP Microbiological analysis | T0 T1 T3 | 35 | 32 | Without long-term of assessment |
Abbate et al., 2015 | Unknown | Total: 50 | 10 to 18 years old | 2012–2013 | Prospective study | Varese, Italy | PD PI BoP Microbiological analysis | T0 T3 T6 T12 | 25 | 25 | Does not specify female/male ratio; different periods of assessment |
Azaripour et al., 2015 | 73/27 | Total: 100 | 11 to 62 years old Mean age FG: 16.3 Mean age CA: 31.9 | Unknown | Cross-sectional study | Gutenberg, Germany | GI SBI API MPI | T0 T12 | 50 | 50 | Different periods of assessment and indexes; without short-term assessment; included children |
Miethke & Vogt, 2005 | 43/17 | Total: 60 | 18 to 51 years old Mean age: 30.1 | 2002–2003 | Clinical trial (Prospective cohort study) | Berlin, Germany | GI PBI PI SPD | T1 T2 T3 3/4 weeks intervals | 30 | 30 | Without long-term assessment |
Miethke & Brauner, 2007 | Unknown | Total: 60 | 16 to 48 years old Mean age: 39.6 | Feb and May of 2005 | Prospective study | Berlin, Germany | GI PBI PI SPD | T1 T2 T3 3/4 weeks intervals | 30 (lingual group) | 30 (control group from the previous study) | Does not specify female/male ratio; without long-term assessment |
Issa et al., 2020 | 40/40 | Total:80 | Mean age CA: 26,85 Mean age FG: 27,05 | 2015–2016 | Cross-sectional study | China | PI GI GBI SBI PBI BPE BoP | regular assessments unknown | 60 20 ELB 20 CCB 20 SLB | 20 | No deep information about time of assessment |
Authors (Refs.) | Gingival Index (GI) | Probing Depth (PD) | Plaque Index (PI) | Bleeding of Probing (BoP) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pango Madaraiga et al., 2020 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG T0 = 0.1 T3 = 0 | FG T0 = 0.3 T3 = 0.14 | Mean ∑AG = 0.05 ∑FG = 0.22 | AG T0 = 0.42 T3 = 0.11 | FG T0 = 0.31 T3 = 0.15 | Mean ∑AG = 0.27 ∑FG = 0.23 | AG T0 = 0.55 T3 = 0.13 | FG T0 = 0.77 T3 = 0.13 | Mean ∑AG = 0.34 ∑FG = 0.9 |
Chhibber et al., 2017 | AG T0 = 0.42 ± 0.5 T9 = 0.50 ± 0.59 T18 = 0.75 ± 0.53 | FG T0 = 0.05 ± 0.22 T9 = 1.21 ± 0.79 T18 = 1.32 ± 0.67 | Mean ∑AG = 0.55 ± 0.54 ∑FG = 1.01 ± 0.56 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG T0 = 0.50 ± 0.51 T9 = 0.83 ± 0.48 T18 = 0.92 ± 0.58 | FG T0 = 0.70 ± 0.73 T9 = 1.32 ± 0.67 T18 = 1.32 ± 0.67 | Mean ∑AG = 0.75 ± 0.52 ∑FG = 1.1 ± 0.69 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned |
Levrini et al., 2015 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG T0 = 2.18 T1 = 2.75 T3 = 1.6 | FG T0 = 2.18 T1 = 2.2 T3 = 1.3 | Mean ∑AG = 2.17 ∑FG = 1.89 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned |
Abbate et al., 2015 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG T0 = 2.28 T3 = 2.23 T6 = 2.37 T12 = 2.5 | FG T0 = 2.26 T3 = 2.86 T6 = 3.22 T12 = 3.42 | Mean ∑AG = 2.35 ∑FG = 2.94 | AG T0 = 0.91 T3 = 0.64 T6 = 0.32 T12 = 0.36 | FG T0 = 0.82 T3 = 1.92 T6 = 2.32 T12 = 2.42 | Mean ∑AG = 0.56 ∑FG = 1.87 | AG T0 = 0.14 T3 = 0 T6 = 0.04 T12 = 0.04 | FG T0 = 0 T3 = 0.36 T6 = 0.58 T12 = 0.74 | Mean ∑AG = 0.05 ∑FG = 0.42 |
Azaripour et al., 2015 | AG T0 = 0.27 ± 0.25 T12 = 0.35 ± 0.34 | FG T0 = 0.29 ± 0.24 T12 = 0.54 ± 0.50 | Mean ∑AG = 0.31 ± 0.29 ∑FG = 0.42 ± 0.37 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG T0 = 0.16 ± 0.1 T12 = 0.30 ± 0.25 | FG T0 = 0.20 ± 0.1 T12 = 0.38 ± 0.22 | Mean ∑AG = 0.23 ± 0.18 ∑FG = 0.58 ± 0.16 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned |
Miethke & Vogt, 2005 | AG T1 = 0.71 ± 0.39 T2 = 0.61 ± 0.35 T3 = 0.46 ± 0.34 | FG T1 = 1.02 ± 0.69 T2 = 0.73 ± 0.58 T3 = 0.68 ± 0.66 | Mean ∑AG = 0.59 ± 0.30 ∑FG = 0.81 ± 0.59 | AG T1 = 2.39 ± 0.45 T2 = 2.29 ± 0.41 T3 = 2.26 ± 0.48 | FG T1 = 2.60 ± 0.73 T2 = 2.52 ± 0.65 T3 = 2.50 ± 0.67 | Mean ∑AG = 2.31 ± 0.39 ∑FG = 2.45 ± 0.65 | AG T1 = 0.48 ± 0.41 T2 = 0.41 ± 0.37 T3 = 0.28 ± 0.32 | FG T1 = 0.80 ± 0.58 T2 = 0.56 ± 0.44 T3 = 0.50 ± 0.53 | Mean ∑AG = 0.39 ± 0.31 ∑FG = 0.62 ± 0.48 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned |
Miethke & Brauner, 2007 | AG T1 = 0.71 ± 0.39 T2 = 0.61 ± 0.35 T3 = 0.46 ± 0.34 | FG T1 = 1.02 ± 0.53 T2 = 1.02 ± 0.43 T3 = 0.96 ± 0.43 | Mean ∑AG = 0.59 ± 0.30 ∑FG = 1.00 ± 0.43 | AG T1 = 2.39 ± 0.45 T2 = 2.29 ± 0.41 T3 = 2.26 ± 0.48 | FG T1 = 2.55 ± 0.38 T2 = 2.43 ± 0.33 T3 = 2.50 ± 0.35 | Mean ∑AG = 2.31 ± 0.39 ∑FG = 2.50 ± 0.33 | AG T1 = 0.48 ± 0.41 T2 = 0.41 ± 0.37 T3 = 0.28 ± 0.32 | FG T1 = 0.84 ± 0.46 T2 = 0.95 ± 0.44 T3 = 0.89 ± 0.45 | Mean ∑AG = 0.39 ± 0.31 ∑FG = 0.89 ± 0.41 | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned |
Issa et al., 2020 | AG Tx = 0.008 | FG Tx = 1.06 | — | not mentioned | not mentioned | not mentioned | AG Tx = 0.2 | FG Tx = 1.7 | — | AG Tx = 0.01 | FG Tx = 0.37 | — |
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Partouche, A.J.D.; Castro, F.; Baptista, A.S.; Costa, L.G.; Fernandes, J.C.H.; Fernandes, G.V.d.O. Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100177
Partouche AJD, Castro F, Baptista AS, Costa LG, Fernandes JCH, Fernandes GVdO. Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review. Dentistry Journal. 2022; 10(10):177. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100177
Chicago/Turabian StylePartouche, Aaron Jacob David, Filipe Castro, Ana Sofia Baptista, Liliana Gavinha Costa, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, and Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira Fernandes. 2022. "Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review" Dentistry Journal 10, no. 10: 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100177