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Inorganics
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/inorganics13050140
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Article

Optimized NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ Upconversion Nanocomplexes via Oleic Acid for Biomedical Applications

by
Ha Thi Phuong
1,
Le Thi Vinh
2,
Tong Quang Cong
3,
Tran Quoc Tien
3,
Nguyen Duc Van
3,
Vu Thi Hong Ha
4,*,
Vu Ngoc Phan
4,
Le Thi Hoi
5,
Pham Duc Thang
6,
Do Thi Thao
7 and
Tran Thu Huong
3,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Basic Science, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Pho Vien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
3
Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
4
Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
5
Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
6
Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
7
Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inorganics 2025, 13(5), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13050140
Submission received: 9 March 2025 / Revised: 15 April 2025 / Accepted: 23 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Metal Complexes)
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Abstract

This study presents the synthesis of NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ upconversion luminescent nanomaterials using a wet chemistry method. The role of oleic acid in influencing the size, shape, and luminescent properties of the materials was also investigated. The results showed that, at a suitable oleic acid concentration of 10−3 M, the obtained nanoparticles exhibited a nearly spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 150 to 250 nm and predominantly display a hexagonal (β-NaYF4) crystalline phase. Photoluminescence measurements under 980 nm laser excitation reveal that these nanoparticles emit strong, stable luminescence with narrow emission bands characteristic of Er3+ transitions. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were coated with a silica shell, functionalized with amine groups, and conjugated with IgG antibodies via glutaraldehyde (GA) to form the bio-nano complex β-NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+@SNGA-IgG. In vitro experiments using fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the complex effectively labels HeLa cervical cancer cells. With its robust upconversion luminescence and excellent biocompatibility, the developed nanocomplex shows promising potential for rapid pathogen detection and other biomedical applications.
Keywords: NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+; upconversion; oleic acid; nanoparticles; wet chemistry NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+; upconversion; oleic acid; nanoparticles; wet chemistry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Phuong, H.T.; Vinh, L.T.; Cong, T.Q.; Tien, T.Q.; Van, N.D.; Hong Ha, V.T.; Phan, V.N.; Hoi, L.T.; Thang, P.D.; Thao, D.T.; et al. Optimized NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ Upconversion Nanocomplexes via Oleic Acid for Biomedical Applications. Inorganics 2025, 13, 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13050140

AMA Style

Phuong HT, Vinh LT, Cong TQ, Tien TQ, Van ND, Hong Ha VT, Phan VN, Hoi LT, Thang PD, Thao DT, et al. Optimized NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ Upconversion Nanocomplexes via Oleic Acid for Biomedical Applications. Inorganics. 2025; 13(5):140. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13050140

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phuong, Ha Thi, Le Thi Vinh, Tong Quang Cong, Tran Quoc Tien, Nguyen Duc Van, Vu Thi Hong Ha, Vu Ngoc Phan, Le Thi Hoi, Pham Duc Thang, Do Thi Thao, and et al. 2025. "Optimized NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ Upconversion Nanocomplexes via Oleic Acid for Biomedical Applications" Inorganics 13, no. 5: 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13050140

APA Style

Phuong, H. T., Vinh, L. T., Cong, T. Q., Tien, T. Q., Van, N. D., Hong Ha, V. T., Phan, V. N., Hoi, L. T., Thang, P. D., Thao, D. T., & Huong, T. T. (2025). Optimized NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ Upconversion Nanocomplexes via Oleic Acid for Biomedical Applications. Inorganics, 13(5), 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13050140

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