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Inorganics
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/inorganics13020052
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Article

Effect of Boron and Iron at Various Concentrations on the Catalytic Graphitization of the Polyacrylonitrile Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile

by
Taewoo Kim
1,2,
Byoung-Suhk Kim
2,
Tae Hoon Ko
1,2,* and
Hak Yong Kim
1,2,*
1
Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561756, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Organic Materials and Textile Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561756, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inorganics 2025, 13(2), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020052
Submission received: 4 December 2024 / Revised: 5 February 2025 / Accepted: 5 February 2025 / Published: 11 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry)
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Abstract

In this study, a novel and facile approach of catalytic graphitization was adopted for the preparation of graphitized polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon. Pure PAN and boron-introduced PAN were derived from the monomer acrylonitrile using a polymerization technique. Iron nitrate nonahydrate at different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) was added to the boronated PAN and carbonized at 1250 °C. The effect of iron and boron on the catalytic graphitization of PAN was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the boronated PAN containing a 5% Fe salt was more graphitized due to the optimized amount of the metallic iron, which promoted the rate of conversion of the amorphous carbon to graphitic carbon containing carbon nanotube (CNT) by rearranging the nearby carbon and reducing the energy barrier for the transformation. Furthermore, the in situ formed iron boron carbide within the graphitized carbon provided a nucleation site and stabilized the catalytic activity of the metallic iron at high temperature. This work presents a promising approach for obtaining a highly graphitic PAN-derived carbon by adopting a strategy of catalytic graphitization using the born and iron as catalytic agents.
Keywords: PAN; polymerization; catalytic graphitization; graphitic carbon PAN; polymerization; catalytic graphitization; graphitic carbon
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, T.; Kim, B.-S.; Ko, T.H.; Kim, H.Y. Effect of Boron and Iron at Various Concentrations on the Catalytic Graphitization of the Polyacrylonitrile Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile. Inorganics 2025, 13, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020052

AMA Style

Kim T, Kim B-S, Ko TH, Kim HY. Effect of Boron and Iron at Various Concentrations on the Catalytic Graphitization of the Polyacrylonitrile Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile. Inorganics. 2025; 13(2):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020052

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Taewoo, Byoung-Suhk Kim, Tae Hoon Ko, and Hak Yong Kim. 2025. "Effect of Boron and Iron at Various Concentrations on the Catalytic Graphitization of the Polyacrylonitrile Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile" Inorganics 13, no. 2: 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020052

APA Style

Kim, T., Kim, B.-S., Ko, T. H., & Kim, H. Y. (2025). Effect of Boron and Iron at Various Concentrations on the Catalytic Graphitization of the Polyacrylonitrile Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile. Inorganics, 13(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020052

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