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Volume 7
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10.3390/photonics7030069
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Article

A Programmable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Phase-Only Pulse Shaping and the Genetic Algorithm

by
Abdullah S. Karar
1,*,
Raymond Ghandour
1,
Ibrahim Mahariq
1,
Shadi A. Alboon
1,2,
Issam Maaz
1,
Bilel Neji
1 and
Julien Moussa H. Barakat
1
1
College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
2
Electronics Engineering Department, Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2020, 7(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030069
Submission received: 24 July 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 / Published: 4 September 2020
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Abstract

A novel, programmable, mode-locked fiber laser design is presented and numerically demonstrated. The laser programmability is enabled by an intracavity optical phase-only pulse shaper, which utilizes the same linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LC-FBG) from its two opposite ends to perform real-time optical Fourier transformation. A binary bit-pattern generator (BPG) operating at 20-Gb/s and producing a periodic sequence of 32 bits every 1.6 ns, is subsequently used to drive an optical phase modulator inside the laser cavity. Simulation results indicate stable programmable intensity profiles for each optimized user defined 32 code words. The laser operated in the self-similar mode-locking regime, enabling wave-breaking free operation. The programmable 32 bit code word targeting a specific intensity profile was determined using 100 generations of the genetic algorithm. The control of ultrashort pulse intensity profiles on the picosecond and femtosecond time scales is difficult. The process of stretching and compressing the pulse in the time domain allows for a slower BPG to impose a predefined phase modulation prior to pulse compression. This results in control over the fine features of the intensity profile of the compressed pulse on a picosecond or femtosecond time scale inside the laser cavity. The stability of the proposed scheme depends on the consistency and accuracy of the BPG rise and fall times in practice.
Keywords: programmable mode-locked fiber lasers; phase-only pulse shaping; self-similar pulses; Kerr nonlinearity; Ginzburg–Landau equation; genetic algorithm programmable mode-locked fiber lasers; phase-only pulse shaping; self-similar pulses; Kerr nonlinearity; Ginzburg–Landau equation; genetic algorithm
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MDPI and ACS Style

Karar, A.S.; Ghandour, R.; Mahariq, I.; Alboon, S.A.; Maaz, I.; Neji, B.; Barakat, J.M.H. A Programmable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Phase-Only Pulse Shaping and the Genetic Algorithm. Photonics 2020, 7, 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030069

AMA Style

Karar AS, Ghandour R, Mahariq I, Alboon SA, Maaz I, Neji B, Barakat JMH. A Programmable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Phase-Only Pulse Shaping and the Genetic Algorithm. Photonics. 2020; 7(3):69. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030069

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karar, Abdullah S., Raymond Ghandour, Ibrahim Mahariq, Shadi A. Alboon, Issam Maaz, Bilel Neji, and Julien Moussa H. Barakat. 2020. "A Programmable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Phase-Only Pulse Shaping and the Genetic Algorithm" Photonics 7, no. 3: 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030069

APA Style

Karar, A. S., Ghandour, R., Mahariq, I., Alboon, S. A., Maaz, I., Neji, B., & Barakat, J. M. H. (2020). A Programmable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Phase-Only Pulse Shaping and the Genetic Algorithm. Photonics, 7(3), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030069

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