Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer

Zeng, Yangming; Li, Shiyan; Lu, Yang; He, Maoke; Liu, Yiao; Zhang, Kaijie; Hu, Xiaoyang

doi:10.3390/photonics12090880

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Open AccessArticle

Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer

by

Yangming Zeng

,

Shiyan Li

,

Yang Lu

,

Maoke He

,

Yiao Liu

,

Kaijie Zhang

and

Xiaoyang Hu

^*

College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Photonics 2025, 12(9), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090880 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 4 July 2025 / Revised: 7 August 2025 / Accepted: 28 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Techniques)

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Abstract

A non-intrusive mattress based on an optical-fiber Michelson interferometer is designed for daily sleep monitoring. The optical phase signal of the optical-fiber Michelson interferometer caused by the heartbeat and respiration is demodulated by the phase-generated carrier (PGC) method. The physiological signals and vital indicators including heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and signal energy (SE) are extracted from the optical phase by algorithmic processing. A series of experiments are conducted to confirm the feasibility of the mattress for sleep monitoring. The mattress not only can achieve HR and RR counting, but also can record the waveform of the sleep-induced signal accurately. The body states can also be distinguished by the SE. In an all-night sleep monitoring experiment, the HR measured by the mattress is compared with the HR measured by a commercial smart band, showing a maximum error of 6 bpm (beat per minute). The designed mattress based on an optical-fiber Michelson interferometer shows good performance and great potential in non-intrusive sleep monitoring.

Keywords: optical-fiber Michelson interferometer; sleep monitoring; heart rate; respiration rate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zeng, Y.; Li, S.; Lu, Y.; He, M.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, K.; Hu, X. Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer. Photonics 2025, 12, 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090880

AMA Style

Zeng Y, Li S, Lu Y, He M, Liu Y, Zhang K, Hu X. Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer. Photonics. 2025; 12(9):880. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090880

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeng, Yangming, Shiyan Li, Yang Lu, Maoke He, Yiao Liu, Kaijie Zhang, and Xiaoyang Hu. 2025. "Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer" Photonics 12, no. 9: 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090880

APA Style

Zeng, Y., Li, S., Lu, Y., He, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., & Hu, X. (2025). Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer. Photonics, 12(9), 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090880

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Non-Intrusive Sleep Monitoring Mattress Based on Optical-Fiber Michelson Interferometer

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