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Article

Standing Wave Photon Structures in Constraint Spaces

Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Photonics 2025, 12(9), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090841
Submission received: 18 May 2025 / Revised: 13 July 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 22 August 2025

Abstract

Based on the single-photon structure model, the standing wave electric 4-photon (SWE4-P) composite, the standing wave magnetic 4-photon (SWM4-P) composite in one-dimensional longitudinal constraint space, and the standing wave 8-photon (SW8-P) composite structure in a laser microcavity are derived. The electromagnetic field of the TM010 mode in a microwave cylindrical resonant cavity is studied and analyzed, and the photon structure basic unit of this mode is identified as the standing wave cylindrical 8-photon composite structure. The cylindrical photon is of the same size as the cavity volume, the photon volume being V = πR2L. The standing wave 8-photon composite structure contains an SWE4-P composite and an SWM4-P composite, with a phase difference of 90°. Therefor, the energy unit of the TM010 mode in the cavity is 8ℏω.
Keywords: standing wave electric 4-photon (SWE4-P) composite; standing wave magnetic 4-photon (SWM4-P) composite; standing wave 8-photon (SW8-P) composite structure standing wave electric 4-photon (SWE4-P) composite; standing wave magnetic 4-photon (SWM4-P) composite; standing wave 8-photon (SW8-P) composite structure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zu, D. Standing Wave Photon Structures in Constraint Spaces. Photonics 2025, 12, 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090841

AMA Style

Zu D. Standing Wave Photon Structures in Constraint Spaces. Photonics. 2025; 12(9):841. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090841

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zu, Donglin. 2025. "Standing Wave Photon Structures in Constraint Spaces" Photonics 12, no. 9: 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090841

APA Style

Zu, D. (2025). Standing Wave Photon Structures in Constraint Spaces. Photonics, 12(9), 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090841

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