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Volume 12
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10.3390/photonics12030192
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Article

Cascaded Directional Coupler-Based Triplexer Working on Spectroscopically Relevant Wavelengths for Multiple Gas Detection

by
Ajmal Thottoli
1,2,3,*,
Gabriele Biagi
2,3,4,
Artem S. Vorobev
2,3,
Antonella D’Orazio
1,
Giovanni Magno
1 and
Liam O’Faolain
2,3
1
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
2
Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, T12 T66T Cork, Ireland
3
Tyndall National Institute, T12 PX46 Cork, Ireland
4
PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030192
Submission received: 7 February 2025 / Revised: 20 February 2025 / Accepted: 24 February 2025 / Published: 25 February 2025
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Abstract

In this article, we present experimental and simulation results of a novel high-performance cascaded directional coupler-based triplexer. The device is designed to combine the wavelengths of 1530 nm, 1653.7 nm, and 2003 nm for use in spectroscopy systems targeting the detection of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide gases, respectively. The triplexer’s functions focus on enhancing the coupling efficiency and selectivity, while facilitating the on-chip integration of diode lasers. The experimental results demonstrate that the coupling efficiency is 82%, 73%, and 91% for the respective wavelengths of 1530 nm, 1653.7 nm, and 2003 nm. The results highlight the triplexer’s capability as a multifunctional beam combiner and an adaptable power source, essential for advanced gas sensing techniques and integrated couplers.
Keywords: triplexer; directional coupler; silicon nitride integrated photonics; gas spectroscopy triplexer; directional coupler; silicon nitride integrated photonics; gas spectroscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Thottoli, A.; Biagi, G.; Vorobev, A.S.; D’Orazio, A.; Magno, G.; O’Faolain, L. Cascaded Directional Coupler-Based Triplexer Working on Spectroscopically Relevant Wavelengths for Multiple Gas Detection. Photonics 2025, 12, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030192

AMA Style

Thottoli A, Biagi G, Vorobev AS, D’Orazio A, Magno G, O’Faolain L. Cascaded Directional Coupler-Based Triplexer Working on Spectroscopically Relevant Wavelengths for Multiple Gas Detection. Photonics. 2025; 12(3):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030192

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thottoli, Ajmal, Gabriele Biagi, Artem S. Vorobev, Antonella D’Orazio, Giovanni Magno, and Liam O’Faolain. 2025. "Cascaded Directional Coupler-Based Triplexer Working on Spectroscopically Relevant Wavelengths for Multiple Gas Detection" Photonics 12, no. 3: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030192

APA Style

Thottoli, A., Biagi, G., Vorobev, A. S., D’Orazio, A., Magno, G., & O’Faolain, L. (2025). Cascaded Directional Coupler-Based Triplexer Working on Spectroscopically Relevant Wavelengths for Multiple Gas Detection. Photonics, 12(3), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030192

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