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Volume 12
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10.3390/photonics12030191
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Article

XRF-Escape Scintillator Footprints for Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

by
Raffaele Scafè
1,*,
Marco Puccini
2,
Rosanna Pellegrini
3 and
Roberto Pani
4
1
Independent Researcher, c/o Prof. Roberto Pani, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
2
ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TERIN-ICT, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel, 76, 00196 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030191
Submission received: 30 January 2025 / Revised: 18 February 2025 / Accepted: 19 February 2025 / Published: 25 February 2025
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Abstract

The present paper introduces the so-called scintillator footprints, consisting of plots showing XRF-escape peaks and their relative emission intensities in the energy range of interest for nuclear medicine SPECT and PET. A footprint describes the suitability of a scintillator for quantitative investigation with the best possible detectability. Sixteen scintillation materials have been identified in the literature, characterized by effective atomic numbers Zeff ranging between 22 and 75. The footprints of NaI:Tl and BGO, confirm the best suitability for quantitative spectral analysis in SPECT and PET, at 140.5 keV and 511 keV, respectively. Moreover, for the low-Zeff scintillators like CaF2 and CMSM, the XRF-escape effect is to predict irrelevant even at 140.5 keV due to the small energy value of X-ray fluorescence.
Keywords: gamma-ray scintillation detector; XRF-escape; SPECT; PET gamma-ray scintillation detector; XRF-escape; SPECT; PET

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MDPI and ACS Style

Scafè, R.; Puccini, M.; Pellegrini, R.; Pani, R. XRF-Escape Scintillator Footprints for Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Photonics 2025, 12, 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030191

AMA Style

Scafè R, Puccini M, Pellegrini R, Pani R. XRF-Escape Scintillator Footprints for Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Photonics. 2025; 12(3):191. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030191

Chicago/Turabian Style

Scafè, Raffaele, Marco Puccini, Rosanna Pellegrini, and Roberto Pani. 2025. "XRF-Escape Scintillator Footprints for Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry" Photonics 12, no. 3: 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030191

APA Style

Scafè, R., Puccini, M., Pellegrini, R., & Pani, R. (2025). XRF-Escape Scintillator Footprints for Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Photonics, 12(3), 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030191

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