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Photonics
Volume 11
Issue 3
10.3390/photonics11030236
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Article

Designed Mesoporous Architecture by 10–100 nm TiO2 as Electron Transport Materials in Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells

by
Takaya Shioki
1,
Ryuki Tsuji
1,
Kota Oishi
1,
Naoki Fukumuro
2 and
Seigo Ito
1,*
1
Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2024, 11(3), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030236
Submission received: 17 May 2023 / Revised: 21 February 2024 / Accepted: 28 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Solar Cell Technology and Future Prospects)
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Abstract

Fully printable carbon-based multiporous-layered-electrode perovskite solar cells (MPLE-PSCs) are easy to fabricate and have excellent durability. In this study, the porosity of the mesoporous TiO2 layer as the electron transport layer in MPLE-PSCs was controlled by varying the particle diameter of TiO2 nanoparticles from 14 nm to 98 nm. Furthermore, the results of absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency, visible light reflectance spectroscopy, pore-size distribution, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and photovoltaic parameters of MPLE-PSCs are discussed. Although the porous TiO2 layer with smaller nanoparticles showed higher photoabsorption, it was found that the more voids of perovskite crystals created in the TiO2 porous layer, the smaller the particle size (<18 nm). The porous TiO2 layers with particles over 26 nm are well filled with perovskite crystals, resulting in a higher photovoltaic capacity with TiO2 particles over 26 nm. As a result, the short-circuit current density (JSC) showed a maximum value using 43 nm TiO2 particles, with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.56 ± 1.42%. Moreover, the PCE showed a maximum value of 12.20% by using 26 nm TiO2 nanoparticles.
Keywords: perovskite solar cell; carbon electrode; electrode transport layer; TiO2 perovskite solar cell; carbon electrode; electrode transport layer; TiO2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shioki, T.; Tsuji, R.; Oishi, K.; Fukumuro, N.; Ito, S. Designed Mesoporous Architecture by 10–100 nm TiO2 as Electron Transport Materials in Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells. Photonics 2024, 11, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030236

AMA Style

Shioki T, Tsuji R, Oishi K, Fukumuro N, Ito S. Designed Mesoporous Architecture by 10–100 nm TiO2 as Electron Transport Materials in Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells. Photonics. 2024; 11(3):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030236

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shioki, Takaya, Ryuki Tsuji, Kota Oishi, Naoki Fukumuro, and Seigo Ito. 2024. "Designed Mesoporous Architecture by 10–100 nm TiO2 as Electron Transport Materials in Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells" Photonics 11, no. 3: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030236

APA Style

Shioki, T., Tsuji, R., Oishi, K., Fukumuro, N., & Ito, S. (2024). Designed Mesoporous Architecture by 10–100 nm TiO2 as Electron Transport Materials in Carbon-Based Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells. Photonics, 11(3), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030236

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