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Article

Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety

by
Cristina Soares
1,
Paula Paíga
1,
Marta Marques
2,
Tânia Neto
2,
Ana Paula Carvalho
3,
Alexandre Paiva
2,
Pedro Simões
2,
Leonor Costa
4,
Ana Bernardo
4,
Naiara Fernández
4,
Edgar Pinto
5,6,
Agostinho Almeida
5,
Maria Rosário Bronze
4,7,8,
Cristina Delerue-Matos
1 and
Clara Grosso
1,*
1
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
2
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
4
iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
5
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
6
Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
7
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
8
FFULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2021, 9(5), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050893
Submission received: 4 May 2021 / Revised: 14 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 May 2021 / Published: 19 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Biological Processes and Systems)
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Abstract

Mental health and active aging are two of the main concerns in the 21st century. To search for new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Codium tomentosum Stackhouse and Fucus vesiculosus L. were obtained through multi-step (four step) subcritical water extraction using a temperature gradient. The safety assessment of the extracts was performed by screening pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides by UHPLC-MS/MS, and iodine and arsenic levels by ICP-MS. Although the extracts were free of pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides, the presence of arsenic and high iodine contents were found in the first two extraction steps. Thus, the health-benefits were only evaluated for the fractions obtained in steps 3 and 4 from the extraction process. These fractions were tested against five brain enzymes implicated in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and major depression etiology as well as against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, having been observed a strong enzyme inhibition and radical scavenging activities for the step 4 fractions from both seaweed species. Regarding the variation of the chemical composition during the extraction, step 1 fractions were the richest in phenolic compounds. With the increase in temperature, Maillard reaction, caramelization and thermo-oxidation occurred, and the resulting products positively affected the antioxidant capacity and the neuroprotective effects.
Keywords: bioactivities; environmental contaminants; iodine; neuroprotection; seaweeds; reactive oxygen species; reactive nitrogen species bioactivities; environmental contaminants; iodine; neuroprotection; seaweeds; reactive oxygen species; reactive nitrogen species
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MDPI and ACS Style

Soares, C.; Paíga, P.; Marques, M.; Neto, T.; Carvalho, A.P.; Paiva, A.; Simões, P.; Costa, L.; Bernardo, A.; Fernández, N.; et al. Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety. Processes 2021, 9, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050893

AMA Style

Soares C, Paíga P, Marques M, Neto T, Carvalho AP, Paiva A, Simões P, Costa L, Bernardo A, Fernández N, et al. Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety. Processes. 2021; 9(5):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050893

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soares, Cristina, Paula Paíga, Marta Marques, Tânia Neto, Ana Paula Carvalho, Alexandre Paiva, Pedro Simões, Leonor Costa, Ana Bernardo, Naiara Fernández, and et al. 2021. "Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety" Processes 9, no. 5: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050893

APA Style

Soares, C., Paíga, P., Marques, M., Neto, T., Carvalho, A. P., Paiva, A., Simões, P., Costa, L., Bernardo, A., Fernández, N., Pinto, E., Almeida, A., Bronze, M. R., Delerue-Matos, C., & Grosso, C. (2021). Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety. Processes, 9(5), 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050893

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