Treatment of Cheese Whey Wastewater Using an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Bioreactor with Biomethane Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cheese Whey Wastewater (CWW)
2.2. AGS Acclimatization
2.3. Experimental Set Up
2.4. Reactor Operation
2.5. Analytical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. CWW Characterization
3.2. AGS Acclimatization
3.3. EGSB Bioreactor Operation Analysis
3.4. Biomethane Production
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Examination and Determination | Frequency | Reference |
---|---|---|
Influent and Effluent | ||
pH | D | (Method 4500-H+–B) [23] |
Temperature | D | (Method 2550–B) [23] |
COD | T | (Method 5220–D) [23] |
BOD5 | M | (Method 5210–B) [23] |
TS | W | (Method 2540–B) [23] |
Color | M | (NMX-AA-045-SCFI-2001) [29] |
Turbidity | M | (Method 2130–B) [23] |
TN | M | (NMX-AA-026-SCFI-2010) [30] |
Buffer Index (BI) | T | (Titrimetric Method) [11] |
COD removal efficiency | T | Mathematical Equation [31] |
Biomethane | ||
Biomethane Production | T | (Volumetric Method) [32] |
Biochemical methane potential (BMP) | T | (Volumetric Method) [28] |
Biomethane production rate (MPR) | T | (Volumetric Method) [5] |
Parameter | Values | Permissible Limits | |
---|---|---|---|
WHO | Mexico * | ||
pH | 4.33 ± 0.21 | 6.5–8.5 | 5–10 |
Moisture (%) | 95.23 ± 1.35 | - | - |
Ash (%) | 3.75 ± 0.3 | - | - |
Density (g/mL) | 1.137 ± 0.02 | - | - |
Viscosity (mPa·s) | 0.986 ± 0.01 | - | - |
Color (Pt-Co) | 9366 ± 328 | - | - |
Turbidity (NTU) | 426 ± 24 | 5 | - |
EC (mS/cm) | 8.5 ± 0.3 | - | - |
Floating matter | Present | - | Absent |
Settleable solids (mL/L) | 13 ± 1 | - | 2 |
TS (mg/L) | 47,643 ± 1358 | 650 | - |
TVS (mg/L) | 42,873 ± 3433 | - | - |
TSS (mg/L) | - | 200 | 12–5 |
Acidity (mg CaCO3/L) | 3379 ± 610 | - | - |
Alkalinity (mg CaCO3/L) | ND | - | - |
FOG (mg/L) | 5495 ± 480 | - | - |
COD (mgO2/L) | 91,600 ± 7950 | 300 | - |
BOD5 (mgO2/L) | 90,083 ± 6742 | 100 | 150 |
TOC (mg/L) | 33,400 ± 2742 | - | - |
TP (mg/L) | 707 ± 91 | - | 30 |
TN (mg/L) | 2200 ± 185 | - | 60 |
Sulfates (mg/L) | 17 ± 0.84 | 250 | - |
BI | 0.98 ± 0.01 | - | - |
CI | 5388 ± 259 | - | - |
FWI | 0.056 ± 0.002 | - | - |
C/N | 15/1 | - | - |
Parameters | Influent | Effluent | E (%) | Permissible Limits | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I | Stage II | Stage I | Stage II | WHO | Mexico * | ||
COD (mg O2/L) | 46,348 ± 3200 | 4548 ± 346 | 3468 ± 439 | 90 | 92 | 300 | - |
BOD5 (mg O2/L) | 45,421 ± 3036 | 4080 ± 264 | 2971 ± 214 | 91 | 93 | 100 | 150 |
TS (mg/L) | 19,558 ± 1350 | 5661 ± 553 | 4843 ± 481 | 71 | 75 | 650 | - |
TN (mg/L) | 1090.8 | 138 ± 22 | 119 ± 18 | 87 | 89 | - | 60 |
Color (Pt-Co) | 4683 | 2547 ± 145 | 2389 ± 128 | 46 | 49 | - | - |
Turbidity (NTU) | 277 | 121 ± 27 | 116 ± 19 | 56 | 58 | 5 | - |
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Cruz-Salomón, A.; Ríos-Valdovinos, E.; Pola-Albores, F.; Lagunas-Rivera, S.; Cruz-Rodríguez, R.I.; Cruz-Salomón, K.d.C.; Hernández-Méndez, J.M.E.; Domínguez-Espinosa, M.E. Treatment of Cheese Whey Wastewater Using an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Bioreactor with Biomethane Production. Processes 2020, 8, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080931
Cruz-Salomón A, Ríos-Valdovinos E, Pola-Albores F, Lagunas-Rivera S, Cruz-Rodríguez RI, Cruz-Salomón KdC, Hernández-Méndez JME, Domínguez-Espinosa ME. Treatment of Cheese Whey Wastewater Using an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Bioreactor with Biomethane Production. Processes. 2020; 8(8):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080931
Chicago/Turabian StyleCruz-Salomón, Abumalé, Edna Ríos-Valdovinos, Francisco Pola-Albores, Selene Lagunas-Rivera, Rosa Isela Cruz-Rodríguez, Kelly del Carmen Cruz-Salomón, Jesús Mauricio Ernesto Hernández-Méndez, and María Emperatriz Domínguez-Espinosa. 2020. "Treatment of Cheese Whey Wastewater Using an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Bioreactor with Biomethane Production" Processes 8, no. 8: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080931