Understanding the Operating Mode of Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O Systems for Water Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O System
3. Contaminant Removal in Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O Systems
4. Characterizing the Efficiency of Fe0/FeS2 Systems
5. Extending the Application of Fe0/FeS2 Systems
6. Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions
6.1. Characterization of Reactivity of Materials
6.2. Design and Operation Principles of Fe0/FeS2/H2O Systems
6.3. Laboratory-Scale Development Functional Prototypes
6.4. Pilot-Scale and Field Testing and Evaluation
6.5. Outreach and Dissemination of the Fe0/FeS2/H2O Technology
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Contaminant Nature | Pyrite | Metallic Iron | Stirring | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH0 (-) | V (mL) | d (mm) | ρ(g L−1) | d (mm) | ρ(g L−1) | (rpm) | ||
CCl4 | 6.0 | 25 | < 0.841 | 200 | 0.150 | 200 | 170 | 38 |
Arsenic | 3.0 to 9.0 | 500 | n.s. | 0.20 or 2.0 | n.s. | 0.20 or 2.0 | 400 | 53 |
Uranium | 7.2 | 20 | 200 to 630 | 25 | 1.6 to 2.5 | 15 | 0.0 | 54, 55 |
Nitrobenzene | 5.0 to 10.0 | 150 | 40 to 75 | 0.5 to 3.0 | 40 to 75 | 0.5 | 200 | 52 |
Orange II | 7.0 | 150.0 | 38 to 50 | 0.25 or 2.0 | 0.25 to 2.0 | 0.25 or 0.50 | 200 | 47 |
RR X-3B | 7.0 | 150.0 | 38 to 50 | 0.25 or 2.0 | 0.25 to 2.0 | 0.25 or 0.50 | 200 | 47 |
Amido Black 10B | 7.0 | 150.0 | 38 to 50 | 0.25 or 2.0 | 0.25 to 2.0 | 0.25 or 0.50 | 200 | 47 |
Methylorange | 6.9 | 22 | 38 to 50 | 0.25 or 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 57 |
Methylene blue | 7.0 | 22 | 38 to 50 | 0.25 or 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 57 |
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On the operating mode of bimetallic systems for environmental remediation | J. Hazard. Mater. | 2009 | 29 | 2.6 |
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Flaws in the design of Fe0-based filtration systems? | Chemosphere | 2014 | 24 | 4.0 |
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Rescuing Fe0 remediation research from its systemic flaws | Res. Rev. Insights | 2017 | n.a. | n.a. |
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Xiao, M.; Hu, R.; Cui, X.; Gwenzi, W.; Noubactep, C. Understanding the Operating Mode of Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O Systems for Water Treatment. Processes 2020, 8, 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040409
Xiao M, Hu R, Cui X, Gwenzi W, Noubactep C. Understanding the Operating Mode of Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O Systems for Water Treatment. Processes. 2020; 8(4):409. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040409
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Minhui, Rui Hu, Xuesong Cui, Willis Gwenzi, and Chicgoua Noubactep. 2020. "Understanding the Operating Mode of Fe0/Fe-Sulfide/H2O Systems for Water Treatment" Processes 8, no. 4: 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040409