Lanthanum Effect on Ni/Al2O3 as a Catalyst Applied in Steam Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Catalyst Preparation
2.3. Catalyst Characterization
2.4. Catalyst Performance Testing
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Catalytic Activity
3.2. Catalyst Characterization
3.3. Effect of Catalyst Arrangement
3.4. Effect of Space Velocity
3.5. Effect of Temperature
3.6. Energy Use of the Product
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al2O3 | Ni/Al2O3 | Ni/La2O3/Al2O3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh | Used | Fresh | Used | ||
SBET (m2·g−1) | 159 | 135 | 123 | 205 | 140 |
Carbonaceous deposits (%) | 4.81 | 2.49 |
Ni/Al2O3 | Ni/La2O3/Al2O3 | |
---|---|---|
Ni 2p | 9.94 | 7.35 |
La 3d5/2 | – | 0.96 |
Al 2s | 32.06 | 35.38 |
O 1s | 50.04 | 50.66 |
C 1s | 7.96 | 5.65 |
Ni/La/O/Al ratio | 0.31/0/1.56/1 | 0.21/0.03/1.43/1 |
(0.13/0/1.63/1) | (0.13/0.02/1.66/1) |
Energy Production (MJ·kgglyc.−1) | |
---|---|
Blank (WHSV = 35 h−1) | 14.48 |
Al2O3 (WHSV = 35 h−1) | 14.23 |
Ni/Al2O3 (WHSV = 35 h−1) | 13.06 |
Ni/La2O3/Al2O3 (WHSV = 35 h−1) | 15.70 |
La2O3/Al2O3 (WHSV = 35 h−1) | 15.64 |
Ni/La2O3/Al2O3 (WHSV = 14 h−1) | 17.06 |
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Sánchez, N.; Encinar, J.M.; Nogales, S.; González, J.F. Lanthanum Effect on Ni/Al2O3 as a Catalyst Applied in Steam Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production. Processes 2019, 7, 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070449
Sánchez N, Encinar JM, Nogales S, González JF. Lanthanum Effect on Ni/Al2O3 as a Catalyst Applied in Steam Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production. Processes. 2019; 7(7):449. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070449
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez, Nuria, José María Encinar, Sergio Nogales, and Juan Félix González. 2019. "Lanthanum Effect on Ni/Al2O3 as a Catalyst Applied in Steam Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production" Processes 7, no. 7: 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070449