Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Schizophyllum commune ENN1 without Washing and Nutrient Addition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
2.2. Microorganisms
2.3. Mass Balance of OPEFB Preparation Process
2.4. Biological Pretreatment
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.6. Enzymatic Saccharification of OPEFB
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. OPEFB Preparation Process
3.2. Composition of Pretreated OPEFB
3.3. Moisture and Oil Residue Contents of Pretreated OPEFB
3.4. Enzymatic Saccharification
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OPEFB Samples | Composition 1 (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lignin | Hemicellulose | Cellulose | Extractives | Ash | ||
Water | Solvent | |||||
Untreated OPEFB | 21.0 ± 0.1 c | 39.0 ± 0.4 b | 32.8 ± 0.5 d | 2.3 ± 0.4 a | 5.9 ± 0.4 b | 1.16 ± 0.2 b |
Schizophyllum commune ENN1 (this study) | 9.7 ± 1.0 b | 43.8 ± 4.6 b | 38.4 ± 4.4 c | 15. 3 ± 1.1 c | 5.7 ± 0.4 b | 2.57 ± 0.4 c |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium2 | 12.9 ± 2.5 b | 37.0 ± 0.5 b | 44.2 ± 0.0 b | 7.5 ± 0.2 b | 3.7 ± 0.1 b | 1.45 ± 0.3 b |
Time (hour) | Untreated | Biological Pretreatment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. commune ENN1 | P. chrysosporium (control) 2 | ||||||
Sugar Yield 1 (mg/g) | Hydrolysis Yield (%) | Sugar Yield 1 (mg/g) | Hydrolysis Yield (%) | Sugar Yield 1 (mg/g) | Hydrolysis Yield (%) | ||
24 | 96.4 ± 0.05 b | 26.5 | 151.9 ± 0.16 a | 35.6 | 78.6 ± 0.08 c | 15.8 | |
48 | 106.8 ± 0.08 b | 29.3 | 187.1 ± 0.04 a | 43.9 | 45.0 ± 0.13 c | 9.4 | |
72 | 123.8 ± 0.06 b | 34.0 | 200.4 ± 0.00 a | 47.0 | 58.7 ± 0.02 c | 11.8 | |
96 | 128.2 ± 0.00 b | 35.2 | 230.4 ± 0.19 a | 54.0 | 101.2 ±0.04 c | 20.3 | |
120 | 147.2 ± 0.04 b | 40.4 | 224.2 ± 0.05 a | 52.5 | 102.4 ± 0.06 c | 20.6 |
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Arbaain, E.N.N.; Bahrin, E.K.; Ibrahim, M.F.; Ando, Y.; Abd-Aziz, S. Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Schizophyllum commune ENN1 without Washing and Nutrient Addition. Processes 2019, 7, 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070402
Arbaain ENN, Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Ando Y, Abd-Aziz S. Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Schizophyllum commune ENN1 without Washing and Nutrient Addition. Processes. 2019; 7(7):402. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070402
Chicago/Turabian StyleArbaain, Enis Natasha Noor, Ezyana Kamal Bahrin, Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim, Yoshito Ando, and Suraini Abd-Aziz. 2019. "Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Schizophyllum commune ENN1 without Washing and Nutrient Addition" Processes 7, no. 7: 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070402