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Article

Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme

1
School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2019, 7(12), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120963
Submission received: 18 November 2019 / Revised: 11 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 December 2019 / Published: 16 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Systems Biology and Natural Products)

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.
Keywords: glioblastoma multiforme; Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz; baicalein; natural product; complementary medicine for brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme; Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz; baicalein; natural product; complementary medicine for brain cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kang, I.N.; Nik Salleh, N.N.H.; Chung, W.J.; Lee, C.Y.; Tan, S.C. Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Processes 2019, 7, 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120963

AMA Style

Kang IN, Nik Salleh NNH, Chung WJ, Lee CY, Tan SC. Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Processes. 2019; 7(12):963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120963

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kang, In Nee, Nik Nur Hakimah Nik Salleh, Wan Jie Chung, Chong Yew Lee, and Suat Cheng Tan. 2019. "Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme" Processes 7, no. 12: 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120963

APA Style

Kang, I. N., Nik Salleh, N. N. H., Chung, W. J., Lee, C. Y., & Tan, S. C. (2019). Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Processes, 7(12), 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120963

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