High-Throughput Microfiltration Membranes with Natural Biofouling Reducer Agent for Food Processing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mixed Matrix Membranes Preparation
2.3. Membranes Thickness Measurement
2.4. Membranes Morphology
2.5. Tensile Strength and Elasticity
2.6. Flux Test
2.7. Anti-Bacterial Test
3. Results
3.1. Moringa Oleifera Seeds
3.1.1. Physical Characteristics
3.1.2. Chemical Composition
3.2. Mechanical Properties of the Membranes
3.2.1. Membranes Thicknesses
3.2.2. Membrane Sheets Tensile Strength and Elasticity
3.3. Membrane Pores and Morphology
3.4. Effect of Adding M. oleifera Seeds Powder on Membrane Flux
3.5. Effect of Adding M. oleifera on Bacterial Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | CA (g) | Mo (g) | CA + Mo (g) | DMF (mL) | DMAc (mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA + DMF (Pristine DMF) | 4 | - | 4 | 20 | - |
CA + 1 wt% Mo + DMF | 3.96 | 0.04 | 4 | 20 | - |
CA + 2 wt% Mo + DMF | 3.92 | 0.08 | 4 | 20 | - |
CA + 3 wt% Mo + DMF | 3.88 | 0.12 | 4 | 20 | - |
CA + DMAc (Pristine DMAc) | 4 | - | 4 | - | 20 |
CA + 1 wt% Mo + DMAc | 3.96 | 0.04 | 4 | - | 20 |
CA + 2 wt% Mo + DMAc | 3.92 | 0.08 | 4 | - | 20 |
CA + 3 wt% Mo + DMAc | 3.88 | 0.12 | 4 | - | 20 |
Peak (cm−1) | Functional Group | Name |
---|---|---|
986.32 | C=C | Alkene |
1057.68 | C–O | Primary Alcohol |
1237.05 | C–O | Alkyl Aryl Ester |
1269.84 | C–O | Aromatic ester |
1379.77 | O–H | Phenol |
1746.22 | C=O | Ester |
2689.35 | C–H | Aldehyd |
2924.65 | C–H/N–H | Alkene/Amine Salt |
3321.96 | O–H | Alcohol |
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Utoro, P.A.R.; Sukoyo, A.; Sandra, S.; Izza, N.; Dewi, S.R.; Wibisono, Y. High-Throughput Microfiltration Membranes with Natural Biofouling Reducer Agent for Food Processing. Processes 2019, 7, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7010001
Utoro PAR, Sukoyo A, Sandra S, Izza N, Dewi SR, Wibisono Y. High-Throughput Microfiltration Membranes with Natural Biofouling Reducer Agent for Food Processing. Processes. 2019; 7(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleUtoro, Panggulu Ahmad R., Agung Sukoyo, Sandra Sandra, Nimatul Izza, Shinta Rosalia Dewi, and Yusuf Wibisono. 2019. "High-Throughput Microfiltration Membranes with Natural Biofouling Reducer Agent for Food Processing" Processes 7, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7010001