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Volume 14
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10.3390/pr14040677
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Communication

Rapid and Efficient Detection of Glyphosate in Breast Milk Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

by
Lorenza Eivazian Brandão
1,†,
Rayssa Piton Rijo Costa
2,†,
Rodrigo Fernando Marandola
1,
Jéssica Aparecida Serafim
1,
Yasmin Saegusa Tadayozzi
1,
Carolina Leticia Zilli Vieira
3,
Cristiane Hengler Corrêa Bernardo
1 and
Eduardo Festozo Vicente
1,*
1
Department of Biosystem Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, SP, Brazil
2
Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
3
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02114, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Processes 2026, 14(4), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040677
Submission received: 15 January 2026 / Revised: 12 February 2026 / Accepted: 13 February 2026 / Published: 17 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Chromatographic Separation Techniques in Food and Chemistry—Second Edition)
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Abstract

The excessive use of phytosanitary products represents a growing concern, due to their persistence and potential environmental and toxicological impacts. Among these compounds, glyphosate, a glycine-derived chemical marketed as a broad-spectrum herbicide, is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Breast milk is a complex biological matrix that can reflect environmental exposure, making it highly suitable for assessing glyphosate contamination. This study aimed to demonstrate a screening method to determine glyphosate concentrations in the breast milk of 100 postpartum women residing in Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil—90 in urban areas and 10 in rural areas—using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for rapid detection. By validation parameters, it was possible to verify, through the correlation coefficient (r), that the method is linear within the working range; the LD was 0.14 mg/L and the LQ was 0.43 mg/L. The recovery obtained by standard sample fortification was 92%. All analyzed samples presented detectable levels of glyphosate, indicating consistent exposure patterns and suggesting relevant environmental contamination routes in the region. These findings provide evidence of glyphosate presence in human milk and reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring strategies and preventive public health measures aimed at reducing exposure to agricultural contaminants.
Keywords: breast milk; chromatographic analysis; environmental health; glyphosate breast milk; chromatographic analysis; environmental health; glyphosate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Brandão, L.E.; Costa, R.P.R.; Marandola, R.F.; Serafim, J.A.; Tadayozzi, Y.S.; Vieira, C.L.Z.; Bernardo, C.H.C.; Vicente, E.F. Rapid and Efficient Detection of Glyphosate in Breast Milk Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Processes 2026, 14, 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040677

AMA Style

Brandão LE, Costa RPR, Marandola RF, Serafim JA, Tadayozzi YS, Vieira CLZ, Bernardo CHC, Vicente EF. Rapid and Efficient Detection of Glyphosate in Breast Milk Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Processes. 2026; 14(4):677. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040677

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brandão, Lorenza Eivazian, Rayssa Piton Rijo Costa, Rodrigo Fernando Marandola, Jéssica Aparecida Serafim, Yasmin Saegusa Tadayozzi, Carolina Leticia Zilli Vieira, Cristiane Hengler Corrêa Bernardo, and Eduardo Festozo Vicente. 2026. "Rapid and Efficient Detection of Glyphosate in Breast Milk Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)" Processes 14, no. 4: 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040677

APA Style

Brandão, L. E., Costa, R. P. R., Marandola, R. F., Serafim, J. A., Tadayozzi, Y. S., Vieira, C. L. Z., Bernardo, C. H. C., & Vicente, E. F. (2026). Rapid and Efficient Detection of Glyphosate in Breast Milk Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Processes, 14(4), 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040677

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