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10.3390/pr13082584
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Article

Tensile and Fracture Properties Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Different Stainless Steels via Small Punch Testing

by
Ran Li
1,2,3,4,*,
Wenshu Wei
1,3,
Mengyu Wu
3,
Fengcai Liu
2,
Wenbo Li
2,
Yuehua Lai
3,
Rongming Chen
3,
Hao Liu
3,
Jian Ye
3,
Jianfeng Li
3 and
Tianze Cao
2
1
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control, Beijing 100013, China
2
China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
3
Beijing Tianma Intelligent Control Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101399, China
4
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2584; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082584
Submission received: 2 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Additive Manufacturing Processes)
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Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can fabricate hydraulic components with significant weight reduction, and in this study, small punch tests (SPTs) evaluated the tensile and fracture properties of four stainless steels (30Cr13, 316L, 15-5PH, 17-4PH), alongside metallographic, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses which examined their fracture modes, grain orientation, phase distribution, and grain boundary distribution. The tensile property results showed ductility rankings as 316L > 17-4PH > 15-5PH > 30Cr13, with correlations between Rp0.2 and Rm from SPT and uniaxial tensile tests for all four, while high-magnification SEM fractographs revealed ductile dimples on 15-5PH, 17-4PH, and 316L SPT specimens versus distinct cleavage fracture in 30Cr13. EBSD analysis indicated austenite content order as 316L > 17-4PH > 30Cr13 > 15-5PH, grain size order as 316L > 17-4PH > 15-5PH > 30Cr13, and high-angle grain boundaries ranking as 15-5PH > 30Cr13 > 17-4PH > 316L; additionally, notched SPT specimens inspected per EN 10371 for fracture toughness showed J-integral (JIC) values in the order 316L > 17-4PH > 15-5PH > 30Cr13, consistent with ductility and grain size results.
Keywords: laser powder bed fusion; small punch tests; yielding stress; ultimate strength; fracture toughness laser powder bed fusion; small punch tests; yielding stress; ultimate strength; fracture toughness

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, R.; Wei, W.; Wu, M.; Liu, F.; Li, W.; Lai, Y.; Chen, R.; Liu, H.; Ye, J.; Li, J.; et al. Tensile and Fracture Properties Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Different Stainless Steels via Small Punch Testing. Processes 2025, 13, 2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082584

AMA Style

Li R, Wei W, Wu M, Liu F, Li W, Lai Y, Chen R, Liu H, Ye J, Li J, et al. Tensile and Fracture Properties Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Different Stainless Steels via Small Punch Testing. Processes. 2025; 13(8):2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082584

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Ran, Wenshu Wei, Mengyu Wu, Fengcai Liu, Wenbo Li, Yuehua Lai, Rongming Chen, Hao Liu, Jian Ye, Jianfeng Li, and et al. 2025. "Tensile and Fracture Properties Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Different Stainless Steels via Small Punch Testing" Processes 13, no. 8: 2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082584

APA Style

Li, R., Wei, W., Wu, M., Liu, F., Li, W., Lai, Y., Chen, R., Liu, H., Ye, J., Li, J., & Cao, T. (2025). Tensile and Fracture Properties Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Different Stainless Steels via Small Punch Testing. Processes, 13(8), 2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082584

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