Numerical Simulation of the Combustion Characteristics of a 330 MW Tangentially Fired Boiler with Preheating Combustion Devices Under Various Loads

With the rapid development of renewable energy sources in power generation, utility boilers need to perform load regulation over a wide range to maintain the stability of the power supply system. Preheating combustion technology is a potential approach to achieve wide load range operation, improve combustion stability, and lower NO_x emissions from utility boilers. Preheating combustion devices (PCDs) were designed and installed in the reduction zone of a boiler. These devices preheated the coal at an excess air ratio ranging from 0.35 to 0.7 to generate high-temperature gas and char, which effectively reduced NO_x formation in the furnace. Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the combustion performance and nitrogen oxides emissions of a 330 MW utility boiler retrofitted with PCDs at different loads. The simulations were conducted over a load range of 20% to 100% of the rated load, corresponding to an electrical power of 66 MW to 330 MW. The preheated combustion device’s previous experimental data served as the boundary conditions of the preheated product nozzles. The simulation results demonstrated that the retrofitted boiler could operate stably from 20% to 100% of the rated load, maintaining acceptable combustion efficiency and lower NO_x emissions. The combustion efficiency gradually dropped with decreasing boiler load, reaching a minimum value of 95.6%. As the load declined, the size of the imaginary tangent circle of the boiler shrank, while the ignition distance increased. Additionally, the variation in NO_x concentration with load was complex. The NO_x concentration at the furnace outlet was between 102.7 and 220.3 mg/m³, and the preheated products effectively reduced the nitrogen oxides produced by combustion in the furnace at all loads.