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Volume 10
Issue 11
10.3390/pr10112389
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Article

A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection

by
Javad Zareei
1,*,
José Ricardo Nuñez Alvarez
2,
Yolanda Llosas Albuerne
3,
María Rodríguez Gámez
3 and
Ángel Rafael Arteaga Linzan
3
1
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
2
Energy Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112389
Submission received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 6 November 2022 / Accepted: 8 November 2022 / Published: 14 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Waste and Industrial Wastewater Treatment in Oil and Gas Industry)
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Abstract

The number of injector holes and the fuel-injection pressure in an internal combustion engine can affect engine performance and exhaust emissions. Conversion of a port-injection gasoline engine to an HCNG direct-injection engine improves engine performance and exhaust emissions. In addition, increasing the injection pressure helps to increase engine performance. In this study, AVL Fire software was used to perform simulation by certain adjustments. The injection pressure was applied in mods of 15, 20, and 25 bars, the injector holes numbers were 3 and 6, the compression ratio changed from 10:1 to 14:1, and the amount of hydrogen enrichment to natural gas was in mods of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This paper discusses the items above with regard to power, torque, combustion chamber pressure, fuel conversion efficiency, and exhaust emissions. The result determined that increasing the number of injector holes improves the performance engine and reduces CO emission so that the contour plots confirmed the balanced distribution of temperature and pressure. According to obtained results, maximum engine performance improved from 2.5% to 5% at different speeds and 30% added hydrogen, 25 bar injection pressure, and 6-hole injectors. The amount of CO decreased by approximately 30%, and NOx increased by about 10%.
Keywords: injector holes number; compression ratio; injection pressure; hydrogen; natural gas; direct injection engine injector holes number; compression ratio; injection pressure; hydrogen; natural gas; direct injection engine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zareei, J.; Alvarez, J.R.N.; Albuerne, Y.L.; Gámez, M.R.; Linzan, Á.R.A. A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection. Processes 2022, 10, 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112389

AMA Style

Zareei J, Alvarez JRN, Albuerne YL, Gámez MR, Linzan ÁRA. A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection. Processes. 2022; 10(11):2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112389

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zareei, Javad, José Ricardo Nuñez Alvarez, Yolanda Llosas Albuerne, María Rodríguez Gámez, and Ángel Rafael Arteaga Linzan. 2022. "A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection" Processes 10, no. 11: 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112389

APA Style

Zareei, J., Alvarez, J. R. N., Albuerne, Y. L., Gámez, M. R., & Linzan, Á. R. A. (2022). A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection. Processes, 10(11), 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112389

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