Dental Caries, Oral Health Behavior, and Living Conditions in 6–8-Year-Old Romanian School Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample Selection
2.2. Clinical Examination
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | Variables | N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Father’s education | ||
Male | 382 (47.22%) | No school | 19 (2.35%) |
Female | 427 (52.78%) | Primary school (4th grade) | 30 (3.71%) |
Age | Gymnasium (8th grade) | 109 (13.47%) | |
6 y.o. | 438 (54.14%) | Secondary school (10th grade) | 155 (19.16%) |
7 y.o. | 342 (42.27%) | High school (12th grade) | 226 (27.94%) |
8 y.o. | 22 (2.72%) | Post-secondary school | 24 (2.97%) |
Did not declare | 7 (0.87%) | University studies | 203 (25.09%) |
Residence | Do not know/Did not answer | 28 (3.46%) | |
Rural area | 345 (42.65%) | Do not have a father figure | 15 (1.85%) |
Urban area | 464 (57.35%) | Mother’s education | |
City type | No school | 24 (2.97%) | |
Small town | 520 (64.28%) | Primary school (4th grade) | 25 (3.09%) |
Middle-sized city | 56 (6.92%) | Gymnasium (8th grade) | 107 (13.23%) |
Big city | 233 (28.80%) | Secondary school (10th grade) | 124 (15.33%) |
High school (12th grade) | 204 (25.22%) | ||
Post-secondary school | 49 (6.06%) | ||
University studies | 256 (31.64%) | ||
Do not know/Did not answer | 18 (12.22%) | ||
Do not have a mother figure | 2 (0.25%) |
Occurrence vs. 0. Non-Ocurrence of Carious Lesions (Multilevel Logistic Regression Bernouli Estimations) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
mt | d3t | rt | DMFT | |
Individual-Level Variables | ||||
Gender (−1 boy, 1—girl) | −0.01 (0.20) | −0.01 (0.16) | −0.03 (0.17) | −0.10 (0.20) |
Father’s level of education | −0.10 (0.06) | −0.31 ** (0.05) | 0.08 (0.06) | −0.33 ** (0.06) |
Mother’s level of education | −0.07 (0.07) | −0.29 ** (0.06) | 0.22 ** (0.06) | −0.25 ** (0.07) |
How often cleans teeth (0—“never”) | 0.62 (0.09) | −0.23 ** (0.08) | 0.14 (0.09) | −0.15 (0.10) |
Fruit consumption (0—“never”) | −0.10 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.12) |
Pastry (0—“never”) | 0.24 * (0.12) | 0.05 (0.09) | −0.22 (0.10) | 0.14 (0.12) |
Fizzy drinks (0—“never”) | 0.10 (0.09) | 0.18 * (0.07) | −0.15 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.09) |
Honey (0—“never”) | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.09) |
Chewing gum (0—“never”) | −0.01 (0.09) | 0.22 * (0.08) | −0.14 (0.09) | 0.17 (0.10) |
Candies (0—“never”) | 0.15 (0.09) | 0.26 * (0.08) | −0.09 (0.08) | 0.19 * (0.09) |
Milk (0—“never”) | −0.03 (0.08) | 0.16 * (0.07) | −0.09 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.08) |
Tea (0—“never”) | −0.01 (0.09) | 0.21 * (0.08) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.18 (0.10) |
Cocoa (0—“never”) | −0.02 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.08) | −0.01 (0.09) | 0.−10 (0.10) |
School-level variables | ||||
Type of residence (−1 Rural, 2 Urban) | 0.22 (0.35) | −0.57 (0.22) | 10.0 * (0.35) | −0.54 ** (0.25) |
Development index (County, centered on the mean) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) |
Poisson Analysis—Regressions of Non-Zero Count | |||
---|---|---|---|
d3t | rt | DMFT | |
Individual-level variables | |||
Gender (−1 boy, 1—girl) | −0.16 ** (0.02) | 0.14 (0.07) | −0.06 * (0.03) |
Father’s level of education | −0.06 ** (0.00) | 0.08 ** (0.02) | −0.04 ** (0.01) |
Mother’s level of education | −0.05 ** (0.01) | 0.14 ** (0.03) | −0.03 ** (0.01) |
How often cleans teeth (0—“never”) | −0.03 * (0.01) | 0.14 ** (0.04) | −0.02 (0.01) |
Fruit consumption (0—“never”) | 0.03 ** (0.01) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.04 * (0.01) |
Pastry (0—“never”) | 0.02 * (0.01) | −0.05 (0.048) | 0.02 (0.019) |
Fizzy drinks (0—“never”) | 0.033 ** (0.01) | −0.20 ** (0.04) | 0.03 ** (0.01) |
Honey (0—“never”) | 0.02 * (0.01) | 0.09 * (0.04) | 0.03 * (0.01) |
Chewing gum (0—“never”) | −0.03 ** (0.01) | −0.16 ** (0.04) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Candies (0—“never”) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.01) |
Milk (0—“never”) | 0.03 ** (0.01) | −0.06 (0.03) | 0.05 ** (0.01) |
Tea (0—“never”) | 0.04 ** (0.01) | −0.00 (0.04) | 0.05 ** (0.01) |
Cocoa (0—“never”) | 0.05 ** (0.01) | −0.09 * (0.04) | 0.04 * (0.01) |
School-level variables | |||
Typeof residence (−1 Rural, 2 Urban) | −0.18 (0.11) | −0.04 (0.12) | −00.04 (0.07) |
Development index (County, centered on the mean) | −0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) |
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Dumitrescu, R.; Sava-Rosianu, R.; Jumanca, D.; Balean, O.; Damian, L.-R.; Campus, G.G.; Maricutoiu, L.; Alexa, V.T.; Sfeatcu, R.; Daguci, C.; et al. Dental Caries, Oral Health Behavior, and Living Conditions in 6–8-Year-Old Romanian School Children. Children 2022, 9, 903. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060903
Dumitrescu R, Sava-Rosianu R, Jumanca D, Balean O, Damian L-R, Campus GG, Maricutoiu L, Alexa VT, Sfeatcu R, Daguci C, et al. Dental Caries, Oral Health Behavior, and Living Conditions in 6–8-Year-Old Romanian School Children. Children. 2022; 9(6):903. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060903
Chicago/Turabian StyleDumitrescu, Ramona, Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu, Daniela Jumanca, Octavia Balean, Lia-Raluca Damian, Guglielmo Giuseppe Campus, Laurentiu Maricutoiu, Vlad Tiberiu Alexa, Ruxandra Sfeatcu, Constantin Daguci, and et al. 2022. "Dental Caries, Oral Health Behavior, and Living Conditions in 6–8-Year-Old Romanian School Children" Children 9, no. 6: 903. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060903