Do I Look Gawky? The Association between Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Pubertal Synchrony
1.2. Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization
1.3. Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Missing Data
2.4. Analytic Strategy
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization: Path Analysis
3.3. Asynchronously Developing Body: Cluster Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Pubertal Asynchrony: A Protective Factor for Boys but A Risk Factor for Girls
4.2. Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Growth Spurt | – | 0.22 | −0.04 | n/a | n/a | 0.24 | ** | 0.05 | |||||
2 | Body Hair Growth | 0.36 | ** | – | 0.38 | ** | n/a | n/a | 0.53 | ** | 0.44 | ** | ||
3 | Skin Changes | 0.15 | * | 0.30 | ** | – | n/a | n/a | 0.39 | ** | 0.26 | ** | ||
4 | Deepening of Voice | 0.16 | * | 0.28 | ** | 0.20 | ** | – | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||
5 | Facial Hair Growth | 0.09 | 0.33 | ** | 0.22 | ** | 0.35 | ** | – | n/a | n/a | |||
6 | Breast Development | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | – | 0.39 | ** | |||||
7 | Menarche | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | – |
Tanner Stage | Boys | Girls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | |
1 | 49 | 22% | 19 | 11.7% |
2 | 113 | 50.7% | 73 | 44.7% |
3 | 49 | 22% | 53 | 32.6% |
4 | 11 | 4.9% | 16 | 9.8% |
5 | 1 | 0.4% | 2 | 1.2% |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pubertal Asynchrony | – | 0.22 | ** | 0.16 | * | 0.19 | + | −0.04 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.01 | ||||
2 | Pubertal Status | 0.33 | ** | – | −0.03 | 0.11 | −0.09 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||||
3 | Peer Victimization | −0.12 | + | 0.16 | * | – | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.03 | 0.03 | −0.16 | + | ||||
4 | BMI at Age 9 | 0.13 | 0.25 | ** | 0.11 | – | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.07 | ||||||
5 | Social Skills | −0.05 | −0.12 | −0.08 | 0.01 | – | −0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | |||||||
6 | Race/Ethnicity | 0.09 | 0.12 | + | 0.12 | 0.16 | + | −0.04 | – | 0.07 | −0.08 | |||||
7 | Parents' Marital Status | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.21 | * | −0.01 | 0.11 | + | – | −0.15 | |||||
8 | Parents' Household Income | 0.01 | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.43 | ** | – |
Boys | Girls | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
Pubertal Asynchrony | 0.74 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.73 | 0.83 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 1.64 |
Pubertal Status a | 2.37 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.70 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Peer Victimization b | 0.36 | 3.56 | −3.22 | 12.39 | −0.51 | 2.87 | −3.22 | 9.40 |
BMI | 17.64 | 3.31 | 11.87 | 30.53 | 17.20 | 2.83 | 12.12 | 25.39 |
Social Skills | 99.23 | 12.76 | 50.00 | 99.23 | 99.38 | 12.84 | 58.50 | 127.50 |
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Natsuaki, M.N.; Stepanyan, S.T.; Neiderhiser, J.M.; Shaw, D.S.; Ganiban, J.M.; Reiss, D.; Leve, L.D. Do I Look Gawky? The Association between Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization. Children 2021, 8, 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090794
Natsuaki MN, Stepanyan ST, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Leve LD. Do I Look Gawky? The Association between Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization. Children. 2021; 8(9):794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090794
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatsuaki, Misaki N., Sofia T. Stepanyan, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Daniel S. Shaw, Jody M. Ganiban, David Reiss, and Leslie D. Leve. 2021. "Do I Look Gawky? The Association between Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization" Children 8, no. 9: 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090794