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Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/children13060821
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC–MS/MS Investigation

by
Angelo Aliberti
1,*,
Mirko Piscopo
1,
Franklin Garcia-Godoy
2,
Luigi Ausiello
3,
Lucia Grumetto
3,*,
Teresa Ponticorvo
3 and
Francesco Giordano
4
1
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
3
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2026, 13(6), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13060821 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 22 May 2026 / Revised: 8 June 2026 / Accepted: 14 June 2026 / Published: 16 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Dental Restoration: Innovations in Treatment and Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) release from resin-based dental materials is a growing concern due to its potential endocrine-disrupting effects, particularly in pediatric patients. This in vitro study evaluated cumulative BPA release and elution kinetics from commonly used pediatric resin-based materials, due to the limited evidence available. Methods: Three restorative materials (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Estelite Sigma Quick, and Stela Automix) and one orthodontic material (Transbond XT) were investigated. Eighteen disk-shaped specimens (5.5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were prepared for each material and immersed in artificial saliva (pH 6.8) at 37 °C for 1, 7, and 28 days. BPA concentrations were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). BPA release kinetics were evaluated during the early (1–7 days) and late (7–28 days) release phases. Results: All investigated materials released measurable BPA concentrations, with cumulative BPA release progressively increasing up to 28 days. Clearfil Majesty ES-2 and Estelite Sigma Quick exhibited the highest cumulative BPA concentrations, whereas Stela Automix showed markedly lower values. Transbond XT also demonstrated measurable BPA release. For all materials, BPA release kinetics were significantly higher during the early phase than during the late phase (p < 0.001), indicating a non-linear release behavior over time. Conclusions: BPA release from pediatric restorative and orthodontic resin-based materials is material-dependent and characterized by progressive cumulative accumulation associated with significantly higher early-phase release rates. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the safety of resin-based materials used in pediatric dentistry.
Keywords: Bisphenol-A (BPA); pediatric dentistry; LC-MS/MS; resin-based dental materials; artificial saliva; in vitro release; dental monomer; polymers; orthodontic materials Bisphenol-A (BPA); pediatric dentistry; LC-MS/MS; resin-based dental materials; artificial saliva; in vitro release; dental monomer; polymers; orthodontic materials

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aliberti, A.; Piscopo, M.; Garcia-Godoy, F.; Ausiello, L.; Grumetto, L.; Ponticorvo, T.; Giordano, F. Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC–MS/MS Investigation. Children 2026, 13, 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/children13060821

AMA Style

Aliberti A, Piscopo M, Garcia-Godoy F, Ausiello L, Grumetto L, Ponticorvo T, Giordano F. Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC–MS/MS Investigation. Children. 2026; 13(6):821. https://doi.org/10.3390/children13060821

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aliberti, Angelo, Mirko Piscopo, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Luigi Ausiello, Lucia Grumetto, Teresa Ponticorvo, and Francesco Giordano. 2026. "Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC–MS/MS Investigation" Children 13, no. 6: 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/children13060821

APA Style

Aliberti, A., Piscopo, M., Garcia-Godoy, F., Ausiello, L., Grumetto, L., Ponticorvo, T., & Giordano, F. (2026). Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC–MS/MS Investigation. Children, 13(6), 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/children13060821

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