Detection of Harmful H₂S Concentration Range, Health Classification, and Lifespan Prediction of CH₄ Sensor Arrays in Marine Environments

Underwater methane (CH₄) detection technology is of great significance to the leakage monitoring and location of marine natural gas transportation pipelines, the exploration of submarine hydrothermal activity, and the monitoring of submarine volcanic activity. In order to improve the safety of underwater CH₄ detection mission, it is necessary to study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in leaking CH₄ gas on sensor performance and harmful influence, so as to evaluate the health status and life prediction of underwater CH₄ sensor arrays. In the process of detecting CH₄, the accuracy decreases when H₂S is found in the ocean water. In this study, we proposed an explainable sorted-sparse (ESS) transformer model for concentration interval detection under industrial conditions. The time complexity was decreased to O (n log_n) using an explainable sorted-sparse block. Additionally, we proposed the Ocean X generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model to achieve the online monitoring of the health of the sensors. The ESS transformer model was embedded in the Ocean X GPT model. When the program satisfied the special instructions, it would jump between models, and the online-monitoring question-answering session would be completed. The accuracy of the online monitoring of system health is equal to that of the ESS transformer model. This Ocean-X-generated model can provide a lot of expert information about sensor array failures and electronic noses by text and speech alone. This model had an accuracy of 0.99, which was superior to related models, including transformer encoder (0.98) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) + support vector machine (SVM) (0.97). The Ocean X GPT model for offline question-and-answer tasks had a high mean accuracy (0.99), which was superior to the related models, including long short-term memory–auto encoder (LSTM–AE) (0.96) and GPT decoder (0.98).