A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Disposable Pipette Tip Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis (MISPE-DPX-CE) Method for the Preconcentration and Determination of Scopolamine in Synthetic Urine Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Molecular Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) and Non-Imprinted Polymers (NIPs)
2.3. Procedure for Preparation, Conditioning, and Application of MISPE-DPX Cartridges for the Extraction and Preconcentration of Scopolamine
2.4. Synthetic Urine Samples
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Evaluation of the Solvent for the Preconditioning of the MISPE-DPX Device
3.2. Optimization of the Extraction Conditions
3.3. Optimization of the Elution Conditions
3.4. Analytical Validation
3.5. Application in Synthetic Urine Samples
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solvent | Polymer | Q (mg/g) | IF |
---|---|---|---|
Water | MIP | 1.60 ± 0.02 | 1.42 |
NIP | 1.13 ± 0.01 | ||
Methanol | MIP | 1.33 ± 0.01 | 1.17 |
NIP | 1.14 ± 0.01 | ||
Water:Methanol (50:50) | MIP | 1.50 ± 0.02 | 1.25 |
NIP | 1.20 ± 0.02 | ||
No conditioning | MIP | 1.42 ± 0.03 | 1.27 |
NIP | 1.12 ± 0.01 |
Experiment | Coded Values | Real Values | Q (mg/g) | Response | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (s) | Mass (mg) | Cycles of Extraction | Time (s) | Mass (mg) | Cycles of Extraction | QMIP | QNIP | IF | |
1 | + | + | + | 60 | 10.0 | 10 | 2.24 | 1.72 | 1.30 |
2 | − | + | + | 20 | 10.0 | 10 | 1.51 | 1.01 | 1.50 |
3 | + | − | + | 60 | 5.0 | 10 | 1.84 | 1.80 | 1.02 |
4 | − | − | + | 20 | 5.0 | 10 | 2.39 | 2.34 | 1.02 |
5 | + | + | − | 60 | 10.0 | 2 | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.01 |
6 | − | + | − | 20 | 10.0 | 2 | 1.35 | 1.21 | 1.12 |
7 | + | − | − | 60 | 5.0 | 2 | 0.46 | 1.69 | 0.27 |
8 | − | − | − | 20 | 5.0 | 2 | 0.19 | 1.23 | 0.15 |
cp1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 7.5 | 6 | 1.97 | 0.99 | 1.99 |
cp2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 7.5 | 6 | 2.06 | 1.99 | 1.04 |
cp3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 7.5 | 6 | 2.00 | 2.89 | 0.69 |
Experiment | Coded Values | Real Values | Concentration (mg L−1) | Response | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume (mL) | [Solvent] % | Cycles Elution | Volume (mL) | [Solvent] % | Cycles Elution | CMIP | CNIP | MIP/ NIP | |
1 | + | + | + | 2.0 | 100 | 10 | 9.52 | 5.06 | 1.88 |
2 | − | + | + | 0.50 | 100 | 10 | 15.26 | 16.85 | 0.91 |
3 | + | − | + | 2.0 | 50 | 10 | 6.60 | 5.55 | 1.19 |
4 | − | − | + | 0.50 | 50 | 10 | 14.57 | 14.35 | 1.02 |
5 | + | + | − | 2.0 | 100 | 2 | 5.14 | 4.27 | 1.20 |
6 | − | + | − | 0.50 | 100 | 2 | 21.76 | 15.25 | 1.43 |
7 | + | - | − | 2.0 | 50 | 2 | 7.48 | 6.37 | 1.18 |
8 | − | − | − | 0.50 | 50 | 2 | 10.79 | 10.90 | 0.99 |
cp1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.25 | 75 | 6 | 10.30 | 6.19 | 1.66 |
cp2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.25 | 75 | 6 | 8.00 | 7.92 | 1.01 |
cp3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.25 | 75 | 6 | 10.26 | 7.38 | 1.39 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Linear range | 0.50–6.00 µM |
r | 0.9988 |
R2 | 0.9972 |
Intraday repeatability (DPR%, n = 7) | 6.43% |
LD (µM) | 0.04 |
LQ (µM) | 0.12 |
Recovery 1 (2 µM) | 84% |
Recovery 2 (6 µM) | 101% |
Preconcentration factor | 20 |
Migration time | 59.4 ± 1.1 s |
Method | Solid-Phase | Linear Range | Sample | LD | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MISPE-DPX-CE | MIP | 0.5–6 µM | Synthetic urine | 0.04 µM | This work |
MISPE–LC–MS/MS | MIP | 0.011–2.28 µM | Extracts of Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. fruits | 0.005 µM | [45] |
MISPE–HPLC–UV | MIP | 91–82 µM | Plant samples | 0.005 µM | [23] |
Column–switching HPLC–UV | MIP | 0.0068–0.205 µM | Pharmaceutical preparations | 0.002 µM | [46] |
Reversed-phase HPLC–UV | MIP | 2.28–228 µM | Human urine | − | [47] |
CE–ELC | − | 10–1000 µM | Chinese herb | 0.05 µM | [48] |
CE–C4D | − | 100–350 µM | Pharmaceutical samples | 2.5 µM | [49] |
CE–C4D | − | 10–1000 µM | Beverages and pharmaceutical formulations | 2.4 µM | [5] |
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Silva, W.R.; Ribeiro, M.M.A.C.; Richter, E.M.; Batista, A.D.; da Silveira Petruci, J.F. A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Disposable Pipette Tip Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis (MISPE-DPX-CE) Method for the Preconcentration and Determination of Scopolamine in Synthetic Urine Samples. Chemosensors 2022, 10, 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100387
Silva WR, Ribeiro MMAC, Richter EM, Batista AD, da Silveira Petruci JF. A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Disposable Pipette Tip Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis (MISPE-DPX-CE) Method for the Preconcentration and Determination of Scopolamine in Synthetic Urine Samples. Chemosensors. 2022; 10(10):387. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100387
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Weida Rodrigues, Michelle M. A. C. Ribeiro, Eduardo Mathias Richter, Alex D. Batista, and João Flávio da Silveira Petruci. 2022. "A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Disposable Pipette Tip Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis (MISPE-DPX-CE) Method for the Preconcentration and Determination of Scopolamine in Synthetic Urine Samples" Chemosensors 10, no. 10: 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100387