A Frequency Domain PID Control Strategy for an In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Improvement of the In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig
2.1. Mechanical Operations Module
2.2. Closed-Loop Control Module
3. Control Performance of the Test Rig
3.1. Parameter Configuration of the PID Controller
3.2. Performance of the Closed-Loop Control Module
3.3. Performance Comparison of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain PID Control Strategies
4. Friction Tests Results
4.1. Experimental Preparation
4.2. Hysteresis Loops of Different Friction Materials
4.3. Effect of Tangential Excitation Level on Contact Parameters
4.4. Effect of Normal Force on Contact Parameters
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The test rig can output normal force with stable constant (0–300 N) and harmonic (0–50 N) components with given amplitude and phase lag in the friction tests. The frequency-domain PID controller avoids the frequent control of the traditional PID controller in the time-domain, which tracks the reference signal step-by-step. The control error is significantly reduced (from 0.97% to 0.44% at 10 Hz and from 6.30% to 0.54% at 50 Hz). With a standard error threshold of 3%, the controller’s operating frequency is increased from 20 Hz to 300 Hz.
- (2)
- Through conducting friction tests on typical materials, it was found that, in general, contact stiffness tends to rise with an increase in normal force. However, the relationship between the friction coefficient and the normal force does not demonstrate a clear pattern.
- (3)
- Variations in tangential excitation amplitude and frequency significantly impact the shape of the hysteresis loop while having minimal influence on the contact parameters. Consequently, contact parameters obtained under low-frequency, low-amplitude tangential excitation can be extrapolated to high-frequency, high-amplitude conditions. The friction and wear test rig demonstrates high reliability under low tangential excitation, which holds considerable implications for engineering applications.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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0.0003 | 19 s | 0 |
0.0001 | 11 s | 8.9% |
0.00005 | 25 s | 30.5% |
A | C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
parameter | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.003 | |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
10 s | 9 s | 7 s | ||
7.4% | 6.0% | 3.5% |
Technical Parameter | Specification | |
---|---|---|
Range of Applied Normal Force | Constant (C) | 15 N ≤ C ≤ 300 N |
Time-varying Amplitude (A) | ≤50 N | |
) | ≤300 Hz | |
Range of Relative Displacement | Amplitude | ≤2 mm |
Frequency | ≤150 Hz | |
Measurement Accuracy | Force | 0.01 N |
Displacement | 0.1 μm | |
Control Accuracy | Force Amplitude | ≤3% |
Force Phase | ≤5° |
RD/mm | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
---|---|---|---|
μ | 0.385 | 0.381 | 0.394 |
10 | 70 | 130 | |
---|---|---|---|
μ(a) | 0.272 | 0.297 | 0.219 |
μ(b) | 0.340 | 0.352 | 0.226 |
μ(c) | - | 0.331 | 0.272 |
50 N | 70 N | 100 N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
μ | Iron-based + GH605 | 0.3095 | 0.3151 | 0.2566 |
Ceramic B + GH605 | 0.1905 | 0.2104 | 0.1891 | |
Mar-M247C + Mar-M247CC | 0.1226 | 0.1088 | 0.1307 |
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Li, D.; Wang, J.; Li, H.; Meng, G.; Li, A. A Frequency Domain PID Control Strategy for an In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig. Aerospace 2024, 11, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080623
Li D, Wang J, Li H, Meng G, Li A. A Frequency Domain PID Control Strategy for an In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig. Aerospace. 2024; 11(8):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080623
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Di, Jing Wang, Hongguang Li, Guang Meng, and Anlue Li. 2024. "A Frequency Domain PID Control Strategy for an In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig" Aerospace 11, no. 8: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080623
APA StyleLi, D., Wang, J., Li, H., Meng, G., & Li, A. (2024). A Frequency Domain PID Control Strategy for an In-House Friction and Wear Test Rig. Aerospace, 11(8), 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080623