Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Site
2.1. Kunduz River Basin
2.2. Climate
2.3. Hydrology
3. Data and Methods
3.1. Data
3.2. Trend Analysis for Temperature, Precipitation and River Discharge
3.3. Land Cover Classification
4. Results
4.1. Change in Temperature and Precipitation
4.2. Changes in Discharge
4.3. Change in Landcover
5. Discussion
5.1. Constraints Due to Limited Data Availability
5.2. Climate Change Impacts
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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River Gauge Stations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Station Name | Lat. | Long. | Elevation (m) | Drainage Area (km2) | Record Period | Record Period | N° Years |
Doab | 35.2666667 | 67.9833333 | 1468 | 5005 | 1968–1979 | 2009–2018 | 22 |
Puli-Khumri | 35.9333333 | 68.7166667 | 639 | 17405 | 1950–1968 | 2009–2018 | 29 |
Char-Dara | 36.7000000 | 68.8333333 | 401 | 24820 | 1964–1980 | 2007–2018 | 29 |
Kulokh-Tepa | 36.9833333 | 68.3000000 | 320 | 37100 | 1966–1980 | 2014–2018 | 20 |
Meteorological Stations | |||||||
North Salang | 35.4528396 | 68.9852142 | 3400 | Met-Station | 1960–1978 | 2010–2019 | 29 |
Taliqan | 36.6333333 | 69.7166667 | 991 | 4110 | 1969–1978 | 2010–2019 | 20 |
Trend Mean Annual Temperature | Trend Mean Annual Spring Temperature (MAM) | Trend Mean Annual Summer Temperature (JJA) 1969–2019 | Trend Mean Annual Autumn Temperature (SON) 1969–2019 | Trend Mean Annual Winter Temperature (DJF) | Trend Precipitation 1960–2019 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Salang | 1960–2019: +1.45 °C | 1960–2019: +1.66 °C | 1960–2019: +1.69 °C | 1960–2019: +1.8 °C | 1961–2019: +1 °C | −412.56 mm (−35.02%) |
Talaqin | 1969–2019: +2.73 °C | 1969–2019: +2.56 °C | 1969–2019: +2.87 °C | 1969–2019: +2.0 °C | 1970–2019: +3.68 °C | −26.03 mm (−57.73%) |
Gauging Station | Trend Mean Annual Discharge | Trend Maximum Annual Discharge | Trend Minimum Annual Discharge |
---|---|---|---|
Doab | +7.95 m3/s (+103.12%) | +24.5 (+62.74%) | +2.98 m3/s (+143.27%) |
Puli-Khumri | +5.38 m3/s (+7.86%) | −82.46 m3/s (−23.45%) | +11.39 m3/s (+53.34%) |
Chahar Dara | −9.57 m3/s (−18.40%) | −125.53 m3/s (−43.05%) | −5.98 m3/s (−46.36%) |
Kulokh Tepa | −27.46 (−25.30%) (significant at α = 0.1) | −334.61 (−58.51%) | −15.47 (−66.20%) |
Class Name | Landcover Area km2(1992) | Landcover Area km2 (2019) | Change in % |
---|---|---|---|
Rainfed agriculture | 6382 | 4461 | −30.1 |
Irrigated agriculture | 2064 | 2377 | +15.2 |
Mosaic Vegetation | 12,847 | 12,488 | −2.8 |
Forest, tree | 464 | 973 | +109.7 |
Shrubland | 1859 | 3602 | +93.8 |
Grassland/Rangeland | 9942 | 7361 | −26 |
Urban | 266 | 548 | +106 |
Bare land | 4964 | 5877 | +18.4 |
Water | 174 | 249 | +43.1 |
Snow/Glacier | 994 | 668 | −32.8 |
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Akhundzadah, N.A.; Soltani, S.; Aich, V. Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan. Climate 2020, 8, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8100102
Akhundzadah NA, Soltani S, Aich V. Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan. Climate. 2020; 8(10):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8100102
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkhundzadah, Noor Ahmad, Salim Soltani, and Valentin Aich. 2020. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan" Climate 8, no. 10: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8100102