Hybrid Zoning Algorithm to Optimize Overhead in Smart Mobile Communication
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Problem Formulation
4. OLSR Protocol
4.1. The MPR Computation of OLSR
- Input: , , ;
- Start with an MPR set made of all members of with willingness equal to WILL_ALWAYS;
- calculate , where . is defined as the number of nodes ;
- if , m is the only node that covers a node ;
- Remove from all reached nodes by m;
- While there are nodes in which are not covered by at least one node in ;
- (a)
- Calculate for each . R(w) is the number of nodes in which are not yet covered by a node in and are reachable through w;
- (b)
- if w has the highest willingness with ;
- (c)
- In case of multiple choice, , u has the maximum reachability.
- (d)
- In case of multiple nodes providing the same amount of reachability, , where is greater; Remove , the nodes which are now covered by nodes in .
4.2. Default Forwarding Rules of OLSR
5. Zone Geographic Forwarding Rules
5.1. Extension of the Message Header
5.2. First Strategy: Acting on Nodes: Z-MPR Computation
- First, x changes the current plan to a new Cartesian coordinate of origin x, by deducing its coordinates from the position of all nodes in . The new coordinates of x are and the coordinates of a node are and .
- Then, x determines the zone of every neighbor within the new Cartesian coordinate system. Four cases are possible:
- and
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u is on the border of and
- and
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u is on the border of and
- and
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u is on the border of and
- and
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u belongs to
- –
- if , u is on the border of and
- Finally, the node x elects dispersive MPRs by selecting a node in each zone prioritizing odd zones to keep them away from each other. The new MPR computation algorithm is detailed below and summarized in Figure 9:
- Input: , , ; ; ;
- Start with an MPR set made of all members of with willingness equal to WILL_ALWAYS;
- calculate , where . is defined as the number of nodes ;
- if , m is the only node that covers a node ;
- Remove from all reached nodes by m;
- remove from Z the covered zone where m is located;
- While there are nodes in which are not covered by at least one node in ;
- (a)
- Calculate for each . R(w) is the number of nodes in which are not yet covered by a node in and are reachable through w;
- (b)
- if w has the highest willingness with ;
- (c)
- Remove from Z the new covered zone;
- (d)
- In case of multiple choice, , u has the maximum reachability. Remove from Z the new covered zones;
- (e)
- In case of multiple choice, , u is located in uncovered odd zone first, if not u is in an uncovered even zone with . Remove from Z the new covered zone.
- (f)
- In case of multiple choice, , where is greater; Remove from the nodes which are now covered by nodes in .
- (g)
- Remove from Z the new covered zone.
5.3. Second Strategy: Acting on Transmissions: Geographic Forwarding Rules
Algorithm 1 Geographic forwarding rules of modified OLSR. |
|
6. Results
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OLSR | Optimized Link State Routing |
AODV | Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector |
RR | Route Request |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
GFR | Geographic Forwarding Rules |
MPR | Multipoint Relay |
Z-MPR | Zone Multipoint Relay |
Z-GFR | Zone Geographic Forwarding Rules |
MANET | Mobile Ad hoc Network |
QoS | Quality of Service |
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Simulation Environment | Parameters |
---|---|
Area size | 1000 m × 1000 m |
Number of nodes | 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 |
Radio range | R = 100 m |
Modulation | 802.11b peer to peer mode |
DataMode | DsssRate1Mbps |
ControlMode | DsssRate1Mbps |
Mobility model | Random Mobility |
Simulation time | 100 s |
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Souidi, M.; Habbani, A.; Berradi, H. Hybrid Zoning Algorithm to Optimize Overhead in Smart Mobile Communication. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2019, 8, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8040053
Souidi M, Habbani A, Berradi H. Hybrid Zoning Algorithm to Optimize Overhead in Smart Mobile Communication. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2019; 8(4):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8040053
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouidi, Mohammed, Ahmed Habbani, and Halim Berradi. 2019. "Hybrid Zoning Algorithm to Optimize Overhead in Smart Mobile Communication" Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 4: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8040053
APA StyleSouidi, M., Habbani, A., & Berradi, H. (2019). Hybrid Zoning Algorithm to Optimize Overhead in Smart Mobile Communication. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 8(4), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8040053