Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Pungency, Total Soluble Solids, and Sugars
2.2. Evaluation of Protein and Minerals
2.3. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity
2.4. Quantification of Red Onion Flavonoids
2.5. Identification and Quantitation of Anthocyanins
2.6. Principal Component Analysis and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials and Chemicals
3.2. Pyruvic Acid Content
3.3. Sugar Analysis
3.4. Protein and Mineral Analysis
3.5. Analysis of Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and α-Amylase Assay
3.6. Analysis of Flavonoids
3.7. LC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS Identification of Flavonoids
3.8. Analysis of Anthocyanins
3.9. LC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS Identification of Onion Anthocyanins
3.10. Statistical Data
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nutritional Component | Honeysuckle | Sweet Italian |
---|---|---|
μg/g | ||
Phosphorus | 2525.63 | 2677.64 |
Potassium | 12,720.67 | 13,550.1 |
Calcium | 3183.54 | 2506.5 |
Magnesium | 980.43 | 1100.62 |
Sodium | 1001.34 | 314.13 |
Zinc | 14.43 | 12.23 |
Iron | 23.16 | 27.69 |
Copper | 7.38 | 3.19 |
Manganese | 6.03 | 9.22 |
Sulfur | 3421.58 | 3415.67 |
Boron | 18.34 | 15.34 |
% | ||
Nitrogen | 1.47 | 1.31 |
Protein | 9.21 | 8.2 |
Phytochemical | Compound | Experimental MS (m/z) | Theoretical MS (m/z) | Mass Error (ppm) | Aglycone Ion (m/z) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Quercetin-3,7,4′-triglucoside | 789.20136 | 789.208399 | 8.9 | 303.04816 |
Quercetin-7,4′-diglucoside | 627.15072 | 627.155576 | 7.7 | 303.04766 | |
Quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside | 627.15279 | 627.155576 | 4.4 | 303.04919 | |
Isorhamnetin-3,4′-diglucoside | 641.16577 | 641.171226 | 8.5 | 317.06311 | |
Quercetin-3- glucoside | 465.10128 | 465.102753 | 3.1 | 303.04827 | |
Quercetin-4′-glucoside | 465.10382 | 465.102753 | −2.2 | 303.05104 | |
Isorhamnetin-4′-glucoside | 479.12018 | 479.118403 | −3.7 | 317.06622 | |
Quercetin | 303.04965 | 303.049929 | 0.9 | - | |
Anthocyanins | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | 449.1022 | 449.1078 | 12.4 | 287.0516 |
Cyanidin-3-laminaribioside | 611.1549 | 611.1606 | 9.3 | 287.0524 | |
Delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside | 627.1496 | 627.1555 | 9.4 | 303.0474 | |
Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoylglucoside) | 535.1024 | 535.1082 | 10.8 | 287.0531 | |
Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoyl-laminaribioside) | 697.1532 | 697.161 | 11.1 | 287.0527 | |
Peonidin-3-malonoylglucoside | 549.1168 | 549.1238 | 12.7 | 301.0665 | |
Cyanidin-3(malonoyl)-(acetyl)-glucoside | 577.1124 | 577.1187 | 10.9 | 287.0518 |
Phytochemical | Compound | Honeysuckle (μg/g FW) | Sweet Italian (μg/g FW) |
---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Quercetin-3,7,4′-triglucoside | 8.44 ± 0.95 | 6.95 ± 0.47 |
Quercetin-7,4′-diglucoside | 35.34 ± 1.80 | 28.73 ± 1.16 | |
Quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside | 168.91 ± 8.71 | 154.79 ± 3.91 | |
Isorhamnetin-3,4′-diglucoside | 13.18 ± 1.56 | 13.42 ± 0.53 | |
Quercetin-3-glucoside | 5.88 ± 0.34 | 6.47 ± 0.27 | |
Quercetin-4′-glucoside | 184.60 ± 7.11 * | 115.14 ± 3.35 | |
Isorhamnetin-4′-glucoside | 25.58 ± 1.19 * | 13.52 ± 0.64 | |
Quercetin | 7.44 ± 0.59 | 6.31 ± 0.35 | |
Total Flavonoids | 449.37 ± 75.21 * | 345.34 ± 58.09 | |
Anthocyanins | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | 6.42 ± 0.94 | 9.30 ± 1.77 |
Cyanidin-3-laminaribioside | 5.34 ± 0.49 * | 3.03 ± 0.67 | |
Delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside | 1.25 ± 0.08 | 1.07 ± 0.19 | |
Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoylglucoside) | 58.88 ± 3.76 | 50.90 ± 6.79 | |
Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoyl-laminaribioside) | 30.18 ± 2.14 * | 20.44 ± 2.84 | |
Peonidin-3-malonoylglucoside | 1.01 ± 0.08 * | 0.66 ± 0.12 | |
Cyanidin-3(malonoyl)-(acetyl)-glucoside | 0.33 ± 0.09 | 1.05 ± 0.35* | |
Total Anthocyanins | 103.40 ± 22.06 | 86.47 ± 18.43 |
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Metrani, R.; Singh, J.; Acharya, P.; K. Jayaprakasha, G.; S. Patil, B. Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091077
Metrani R, Singh J, Acharya P, K. Jayaprakasha G, S. Patil B. Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091077
Chicago/Turabian StyleMetrani, Rita, Jashbir Singh, Pratibha Acharya, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. 2020. "Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars" Plants 9, no. 9: 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091077