Comparison of Growth Rate and Nutrient Content of Five Microalgae Species Cultivated in Greenhouses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microalgae Cultivation
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Nutrient Composition Analyses
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects on Growth Rate
4.2. Comparison of Macronutrient Composition
4.3. Comparison of Total Phenolic Content
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microalgae Species | October | Controlled Environment | March | June | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 6.6 ± 2.8 | 8.1 ± 1.7 | 15.9 ± 5.3 | 25.7 ± 3.3 | |
T | 23.2 ± 2.5 | 24.0 ± 1.1 | 28.5 ± 2.9 | 36.1 ± 3.2 | |
C. vulgaris | μexp | 0.25 ± 0.01 c | 0.24 ± 0.01 c | 0.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.30 ± 0.01 b |
Pb | 0.47 ± 0.01 c | 0.49 ± 0.00 c | 1.10 ± 0.01 a | 0.89 ± 0.01 b | |
B. braunii | μexp | 0.19 ± 0.01 bc | 0.22 ± 0.01 b | 0.24 ± 0.00 a | 0.17 ± 0.02 c |
Pb | 0.54 ± 0.00 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 c | 0.95 ± 0.00 a | 0.30 ± 0.01 d | |
C. reinhardtii | μexp | 0.16 ± 0.01 c | 0.14 ± 0.01 d | 0.20 ± 0.01 b | 0.29 ± 0.01 a |
Pb | 0.33 ± 0.01 c | 0.26 ± 0.01 d | 0.80 ± 0.00 b | 0.86 ± 0.01 a | |
N. oculata | μexp | 0.15 ± 0.01 d | 0.20 ± 0.01 c | 0.23 ± 0.01 b | 0.31 ± 0.01 a |
Pb | 0.43 ± 0.01 d | 0.66 ± 0.00 c | 0.98 ± 0.00 b | 1.28 ± 0.01 a | |
E. gracilis | μexp | 0.16 ± 0.01 c | 0.19 ± 0.01 b | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 0.26 ± 0.01 a |
Pb | 0.37 ± 0.01 c | 0.69 ± 0.01 b | 0.96 ± 0.01 a | 0.95 ± 0.01 a |
Microalgae Species | Nutrient Content % | October | Controlled Environment | March | June |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. vulgaris | Moisture | 8.1 ± 0.2 a/A | 8.3 ± 0.1 a/AB | 8.2 ± 0.1 a/AB | 8.1 ± 0.2 a/A |
Lipids | 8.2 ± 0.4 a/AB | 9.3 ± 0.3 b/A | 15.0 ± 0.4 c/A | 20.3 ± 0.3 d/A | |
Proteins | 25.1 ± 0.2 a/A | 25.4 ± 0.3 a/A | 25.5 ± 0.4 a/A | 25.9 ± 0.2 a/A | |
Ash | 12.2 ± 0.3 a/AB | 12.7 ± 0.3 a/A | 12.1 ± 0.2 a/A | 12.3 ± 0.2 a/AB | |
Fiber | 8.9 ± 0.3 a/A | 8.5 ± 0.1 ab/A | 8.2 ± 0.2 b/A | 8.1 ± 0.4 b/A | |
NFE | 37.5 ± 0.5 a/A | 35.8 ± 0.3 b/A | 31.0 ± 0.1 c/A | 25.3 ± 0.3 d/A | |
B. braunii | Moisture | 8.4 ± 0.2 a/A | 8.6 ± 0.1 a/AB | 8.2 ± 0.1 a/AB | 8.3 ± 0.2 a/A |
Lipids | 7.4 ± 0.4 a/A | 8.6 ± 0.3 b/AB | 11.6 ± 0.2 c/B | 16.6 ± 0.5 d/B | |
Proteins | 23.7 ± 0.3 a/BC | 23.8 ± 0.3 a/BC | 23.7 ± 0.1 a/B | 23.4 ± 0.1 a/B | |
Ash | 10.9 ± 0.4 a/C | 10.9 ± 0.1 a/B | 10.1 ± 0.2 b/B | 10.4 ± 0.1 ab/C | |
Fiber | 11.5 ± 0.2 a/CD | 11.4 ± 0.2 a/B | 11.1 ± 0.4 a/B | 10.9 ± 0.2 a/BC | |
NFE | 38.1 ± 0.4 a/A | 36.7 ± 0.2 b/A | 35.3 ± 0.2 c/B | 30.4 ± 0.1 d/B | |
C. reinhardtii | Moisture | 8.3 ± 0.2 a/A | 8.8 ± 0.1 b/B | 8.2 ± 0.2 a/AB | 8.2 ± 0.2 a/A |
Lipids | 8.3 ± 0.4 a/AB | 9.2 ± 0.5 a/AB | 13.8 ± 0.4 b/CD | 15.8 ± 0.4 c/B | |
Proteins | 24.3 ± 0.4 a/AB | 24.0 ± 0.3 a/B | 24.3 ± 0.3 a/C | 24.5 ± 0.2 a/C | |
Ash | 11.5 ± 0.4 ab/BC | 11.7 ± 0.2 b/C | 11.1 ± 0.1 a/C | 11.4 ± 0.1 ab/D | |
Fiber | 12.1 ± 0.4 a/D | 11.8 ± 0.1 ab/B | 11.7 ± 0.3 ab/B | 11.5 ± 0.1 b/C | |
NFE | 35.5 ± 0.2 a/B | 34.5 ± 0.6 a/B | 30.9 ± 0.6 b/A | 28.6 ± 0.1 c/C | |
N. oculata | Moisture | 8.2 ± 0.3 a/A | 8.1 ± 0.2 a/AB | 8.4 ± 0.2 a/A | 8.3 ± 0.2 a/A |
Lipids | 8.5 ± 0.2 a/B | 11.5 ± 0.4 b/C | 14.8 ± 0.5 c/AD | 18.8 ± 0.4 d/C | |
Proteins | 19.3 ± 0.5 a/D | 19.4 ± 0.2 a/D | 19.6 ± 0.1 a/D | 19.7 ± 0.2 a/D | |
Ash | 12.3 ± 0.3 a/AB | 12.5 ± 0.2 a/A | 12.8 ± 0.3 a/D | 12.6 ± 0.1 a/A | |
Fiber | 10.3 ± 0.4 a/B | 10.1 ± 0.1 a/C | 10.2 ± 0.2 a/C | 10.4 ± 0.3 a/B | |
NFE | 41.4 ± 0.5 a/C | 38.4 ± 0.3 b/C | 34.2 ± 0.1 c/C | 30.2 ± 0.2 d/B | |
E. gracilis | Moisture | 8.1 ± 0.2 a/A | 7.8 ± 0.1 a/A | 7.9 ± 0.1 aB | 7.8 ± 0.2 a/A |
Lipids | 7.4 ± 0.4 a/A | 8.3 ± 0.3 b/B | 13.1 ± 0.4 c/C | 17.8 ± 0.7 d/C | |
Proteins | 23.0 ± 0.2 a/C | 23.2 ± 0.3 a/C | 23.9 ± 0.7 b/BC | 23.3 ± 0.1 a/B | |
Ash | 12.7 ± 0.3 ab/A | 12.9 ± 0.2 b/A | 12.3 ± 0.3 ab/AD | 12.2 ± 0.2 a/B | |
Fiber | 11.1 ± 0.3 a/BC | 11.4 ± 0.3 a/B | 11.2 ± 0.2 a/B | 10.8 ± 0.2 a/B | |
NFE | 37.7 ± 0.4 a | 36.4 ± 0.5 b/A | 31.6 ± 0.3 c/A | 28.1 ± 0.8 d/D |
Microalgae Species | Total Phenolic Content (TPC) (μg GAE g−1 dry biomass) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
October | Controlled Environment | March | June | |
C. vulgaris | 3629 ± 21 a | 2703 ± 24 b | 3024 ± 31 c | 2469 ± 21 d |
C. reinhardtii | 2406 ± 16 a | 2469 ± 20 b | 2124 ± 19 c | 2476 ± 12 b |
B. braunii | 2342 ± 11 a | 2775 ± 13 b | 2144 ± 23 c | 2321 ± 13 a |
N. oculata | 1318 ± 26 a | 1115 ± 14 b | 912 ± 14 c | 2906 ± 16 d |
E. gracilis | 5806 ± 10 a | 5741 ± 18 b | 4166 ± 15 c | 2815 ± 18 d |
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Metsoviti, M.N.; Papapolymerou, G.; Karapanagiotidis, I.T.; Katsoulas, N. Comparison of Growth Rate and Nutrient Content of Five Microalgae Species Cultivated in Greenhouses. Plants 2019, 8, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8080279
Metsoviti MN, Papapolymerou G, Karapanagiotidis IT, Katsoulas N. Comparison of Growth Rate and Nutrient Content of Five Microalgae Species Cultivated in Greenhouses. Plants. 2019; 8(8):279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8080279
Chicago/Turabian StyleMetsoviti, Maria N., George Papapolymerou, Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis, and Nikolaos Katsoulas. 2019. "Comparison of Growth Rate and Nutrient Content of Five Microalgae Species Cultivated in Greenhouses" Plants 8, no. 8: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8080279