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Volume 8
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10.3390/plants8060181
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Article

Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L.

by
Valeria Barone
1,
Giovanni Bertoldo
1,
Francesco Magro
2,
Chiara Broccanello
1,
Ivana Puglisi
3,
Andrea Baglieri
3,
Massimo Cagnin
1,
Giuseppe Concheri
1,
Andrea Squartini
1,
Diego Pizzeghello
1,
Serenella Nardi
1 and
Piergiorgio Stevanato
1,*
1
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
2
SIPCAM S.p.A., S.S. Sempione, 195, 20016 Pero (MI), Italy
3
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2019, 8(6), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060181
Submission received: 5 May 2019 / Revised: 11 June 2019 / Accepted: 14 June 2019 / Published: 18 June 2019
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Abstract

Humic substances extracted from leonardite are widely considered to be bioactive compounds, influencing the whole-plant physiology and the crop yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a new formulate based on leonardite in the early stage of growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). A commercial preparation of leonardite (BLACKJAK) was characterized by ionomic analysis, solid-state 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy. Seedlings of sugar beet were grown in Hoagland’s solution under controlled conditions. After five days of growth, an aliquot of the concentrated BLACKJAK was added to the solution to obtain a final dilution of 1:1000 (0.5 mg C L−1). The sugar beet response in the early stage of growth was determined by evaluating root morphological traits as well as the changes in the expression of 53 genes related to key morphophysiological processes. Root morphological traits, such as total root length, fine root length (average diameter < 0.5 mm), and number of root tips, were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in plants treated with BLACKJAK, compared to the untreated plants at all sampling times. At the molecular level, BLACKJAK treatment upregulated many of the evaluated genes. Moreover, both Real Time PCR and digital PCR showed that genes involved in hormonal response, such as PIN, ARF3, LOGL 10, GID1, and BRI1, were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by treatment with BLACKJAK. Our study provides essential information to understand the effect of a leonardite-based formulate on plant growth hormone metabolism, although the molecular and physiological basis for these complicated regulatory mechanisms deserve further investigations.
Keywords: sugar beet; hormonal metabolism; genetic expression; root growth sugar beet; hormonal metabolism; genetic expression; root growth

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MDPI and ACS Style

Barone, V.; Bertoldo, G.; Magro, F.; Broccanello, C.; Puglisi, I.; Baglieri, A.; Cagnin, M.; Concheri, G.; Squartini, A.; Pizzeghello, D.; et al. Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L. Plants 2019, 8, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060181

AMA Style

Barone V, Bertoldo G, Magro F, Broccanello C, Puglisi I, Baglieri A, Cagnin M, Concheri G, Squartini A, Pizzeghello D, et al. Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L. Plants. 2019; 8(6):181. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060181

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barone, Valeria, Giovanni Bertoldo, Francesco Magro, Chiara Broccanello, Ivana Puglisi, Andrea Baglieri, Massimo Cagnin, Giuseppe Concheri, Andrea Squartini, Diego Pizzeghello, and et al. 2019. "Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L." Plants 8, no. 6: 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060181

APA Style

Barone, V., Bertoldo, G., Magro, F., Broccanello, C., Puglisi, I., Baglieri, A., Cagnin, M., Concheri, G., Squartini, A., Pizzeghello, D., Nardi, S., & Stevanato, P. (2019). Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L. Plants, 8(6), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060181

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