Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Compounds on Several Growth Parameters
2.1.1. Conidia Germination
2.1.2. Development of Germ Tubes
2.1.3. Sporulation
2.2. Phytopathological Tests
2.2.1. Effects on Foliage Infected with B. cinerea
2.2.2. Effects on Fruits Infected with B. cinerea
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Equipment and Software
4.2. Fungal Strain
4.3. Plant Material
4.4. Treatments
4.5. Evaluation of Fungal Growth Parameters
4.5.1. Effect on Germination
4.5.2. Effect on Germ Tube Formation
4.5.3. Effect on Sporulation
4.6. Phytopathological Assays
4.6.1. Protection of Detached Leaves
4.6.2. Protection of Tomato Fruit
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Name * | Micromolar Equivalents | Molecular Structure | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ppm] | [µM] | |||
Isoeugenol | I | A (1000) | 121.8 | |
B (500) | 60.9 | |||
C (100) | 12.9 | |||
D (50) | 6.09 | |||
2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol | II | A (1000) | 144.8 | |
B (500) | 72.4 | |||
C (100) | 14.5 | |||
D (50) | 7.24 | |||
1-Phenylethanol | III | A (1000) | 163.7 | |
B (500) | 81.8 | |||
C (100) | 16.4 | |||
D (50) | 8.2 | |||
3-Phenyl-1-propanol | IV | A (1000) | 146.8 | |
B (500) | 73.4 | |||
C (100) | 14.7 | |||
D (50) | 7.34 | |||
2´-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | V | A (1000) | 131.4 | |
B (500) | 65.7 | |||
C (100) | 13.14 | |||
D (50) | 6.6 | |||
Mancozeb (chemical control) | Mzb | 2957.4 † |
Treatments and Nomenclature | Parameters Evaluated; Percentage of Inhibition (%) | Tomato Assays | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germination | Germ Tubes | Sporulation | % Incidence; Leaves | % Severity; Leaves | % Incidence; Fruits | % Severity; Fruits | |
Isoeugenol 1000 ppm (IA) | 19.5 | 76.7 | 14.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 75 | 37.5 |
Isoeugenol 500 ppm (IB) | 14.6 | 74.3 | −15.4 | 18.8 | 10.9 | 75 | 50 |
Isoeugenol 100 ppm (IC) | 4.9 | 31.5 | −130.4 | 34.4 | 16.4 | 100 | 55 |
Isoeugenol 50 ppm (ID) | 24.4 | −50.7 | −85 | 43.8 | 23.4 | 100 | 54.8 |
2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) 1000 ppm (IIA) | 43.9 | −72.5 | −21.4 | 56.3 | 25.5 | 66.7 | 50 |
2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) 500 ppm (IIB) | 7.3 | −82.7 | 53 | 96.9 | 45.3 | 87.5 | 52.5 |
2-(3-HYdroxyphenyl) ethanol) 100 ppm (IIC) | 29.3 | −96.3 | 76 | 78.1 | 39.1 | 100 | 56 |
2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) 50 ppm (IID) | 26.8 | −60.9 | 30.6 | 87.5 | 35.2 | 100 | 55.3 |
1-Phenylethanol 1000 ppm (IIIA) | 31.7 | 67.4 | 15.7 | 59.4 | 27.3 | 25 | 7.5 |
1-Phenylethanol 500 ppm (IIIB) | 19.5 | 9 | 30.7 | 50 | 26.6 | 62.5 | 42.5 |
1-Phenylethanol 100 ppm (IIIC) | 12.2 | −28.5 | 48.4 | 56.3 | 32.8 | 100 | 55.6 |
1-Phenylethanol 50 ppm (IIID) | −4.9 | −15.4 | 48 | 21.9 | 8.6 | 100 | 54.3 |
3-Phenyl-1-propanol 1000 ppm (IVA) | 87.8 | 95.7 | 88.9 | 53.1 | 25.6 | 100 | 30 |
3-Phenyl-1-propanol 500 ppm (IVB) | 80.5 | 96.5 | 27.8 | 37.5 | 18 | 62.5 | 37.5 |
3-Phenyl-1-propanol 100 ppm (IVC) | 17.1 | −32.2 | 46.1 | 25 | 13.3 | 100 | 52.5 |
3-Phenyl-1-propanol 50 ppm (IVD) | 14.6 | −27.9 | 68.3 | 84.4 | 46.1 | 100 | 55.3 |
2-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid 1000 ppm (VA) | 56.1 | −16.9 | 5.6 | 96.9 | 53.6 | 62.5 | 30 |
2-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid 500 ppm (VB) | 41.5 | −35.6 | 42.5 | 87.5 | 36.7 | 75 | 35 |
2-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid 100 ppm (VC) | 22 | −12.6 | 69 | 93.8 | 39.1 | 100 | 54.5 |
2-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid 50 ppm (VD) | 19.5 | −12.4 | 54.6 | 90.6 | 32 | 100 | 52.5 |
Control | - | - | - | 87.5 | 55.5 | 100 | 55 |
Mancozeb | 100 | - | - | 6.3 | 3.1 | 25 | 5 |
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Rosero-Hernández, E.D.; Moraga, J.; Collado, I.G.; Echeverri, F. Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum. Plants 2019, 8, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050111
Rosero-Hernández ED, Moraga J, Collado IG, Echeverri F. Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum. Plants. 2019; 8(5):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050111
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosero-Hernández, Esteban D., Javier Moraga, Isidro G. Collado, and Fernando Echeverri. 2019. "Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum" Plants 8, no. 5: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050111