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Article

Development and Characterization of Synthetic Allotetraploids Between Diploid Species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium nelsonii for Cotton Genetic Improvement

by
Sevara K. Arslanova
1,
Ziraatkhan A. Ernazarova
1,
Dilrabo K. Ernazarova
1,2,
Ozod S. Turaev
1,3,
Asiya K. Safiullina
1,
Abdulqahhor Kh. Toshpulatov
1,
Madina D. Kholova
1,
Laylo A. Azimova
1,
Feruza U. Rafiyeva
1,
Bunyod M. Gapparov
1,
Kuvandik K. Khalikov
1,
Mukhammad T. Khidirov
1,
Abdulloh A. Iskandarov
1,
Davron M. Kodirov
1,
Obidjon Y. Turaev
1,
Salikhjan A. Maulyanov
4,
Joshua A. Udall
5,
John Z. Yu
5,* and
Fakhriddin N. Kushanov
1,2,*
1
Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 111208, Uzbekistan
2
Department of Genetics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
3
Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, National Center for Knowledge and Innovation in Agriculture, Tashkent 100180, Uzbekistan
4
Department of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
5
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2025, 14(11), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111620
Submission received: 20 April 2025 / Revised: 18 May 2025 / Accepted: 21 May 2025 / Published: 26 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Plant Breeding)
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Abstract

Expanding genetic variability of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is essential for improving fiber quality and pest resistance. This study synthesized allotetraploids through interspecific hybridization between G. herbaceum (A1) and G. nelsonii (G3). Upon chromosome doubling using 0.2% colchicine, fertile F1C allotetraploids (A1A1G3G3) were developed. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed chromosome stability of synthetic allotetraploids, and 74 polymorphic SSR markers verified hybridity and parental contributions. The F1C hybrids exhibited enhanced resistance to cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), with respective infestation rates of 5.2–5.6% and 5.4–5.8%, lower than those of G. hirsutum cv. Ravnak-1 (22.1% and 23.9%). Superior fiber length (25.0–26.0 mm) was observed in complex hybrids and backcross progeny, confirming the potential for trait introgression into elite cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis based on SSR data clearly differentiated G. herbaceum from Australian wild species, demonstrating successful bridging of divergent genomes. The F1C hybrids consistently expressed dominant G. nelsonii-derived traits regardless of the hybridization direction and clustered phylogenetically closer to the wild parent. These synthetic allotetraploids could broaden the genetic base of G. hirsutum, addressing cultivation constraints through improved biotic stress resilience and fiber quality traits. The study establishes a robust framework for utilizing wild Gossypium species to overcome genetic bottlenecks in conventional cotton breeding programs.
Keywords: cotton; Gossypium L.; wild species; Gossypium herbaceum; Gossypium nelsonii; interspecific hybridization; allotetraploids; SSR markers; genetic variation; fiber quality cotton; Gossypium L.; wild species; Gossypium herbaceum; Gossypium nelsonii; interspecific hybridization; allotetraploids; SSR markers; genetic variation; fiber quality

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Arslanova, S.K.; Ernazarova, Z.A.; Ernazarova, D.K.; Turaev, O.S.; Safiullina, A.K.; Toshpulatov, A.K.; Kholova, M.D.; Azimova, L.A.; Rafiyeva, F.U.; Gapparov, B.M.; et al. Development and Characterization of Synthetic Allotetraploids Between Diploid Species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium nelsonii for Cotton Genetic Improvement. Plants 2025, 14, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111620

AMA Style

Arslanova SK, Ernazarova ZA, Ernazarova DK, Turaev OS, Safiullina AK, Toshpulatov AK, Kholova MD, Azimova LA, Rafiyeva FU, Gapparov BM, et al. Development and Characterization of Synthetic Allotetraploids Between Diploid Species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium nelsonii for Cotton Genetic Improvement. Plants. 2025; 14(11):1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111620

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arslanova, Sevara K., Ziraatkhan A. Ernazarova, Dilrabo K. Ernazarova, Ozod S. Turaev, Asiya K. Safiullina, Abdulqahhor Kh. Toshpulatov, Madina D. Kholova, Laylo A. Azimova, Feruza U. Rafiyeva, Bunyod M. Gapparov, and et al. 2025. "Development and Characterization of Synthetic Allotetraploids Between Diploid Species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium nelsonii for Cotton Genetic Improvement" Plants 14, no. 11: 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111620

APA Style

Arslanova, S. K., Ernazarova, Z. A., Ernazarova, D. K., Turaev, O. S., Safiullina, A. K., Toshpulatov, A. K., Kholova, M. D., Azimova, L. A., Rafiyeva, F. U., Gapparov, B. M., Khalikov, K. K., Khidirov, M. T., Iskandarov, A. A., Kodirov, D. M., Turaev, O. Y., Maulyanov, S. A., Udall, J. A., Yu, J. Z., & Kushanov, F. N. (2025). Development and Characterization of Synthetic Allotetraploids Between Diploid Species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium nelsonii for Cotton Genetic Improvement. Plants, 14(11), 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111620

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