Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Soil-Borne Oomycete Community Diversity and Compositional Structure
2.2. Crop Yield and Soybean Seedling Emergence
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Site and Experimental Design
4.2. Soil Sampling
4.3. DNA Extraction
4.4. Sequencing Library Preparation and Illumina MiSeq Sequencing
4.5. Metabarcoding Data Processing and Analysis
4.6. Soybean Seedling Vitality Experiment
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DF | Simpson-TD 1 | Shannon-TD 2 | Chao1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tillage (T) | 1 | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.160 |
Rotation (R) | 3 | 0.613 | 0.563 | 0.4292 |
T × R | 3 | 0.217 | 0.041 | <0.001 |
Species a | Relative Abundance (%) | Analysis of Variance (p-Value) b | Disease Note c | Known Hosts c,d | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CT | NT | T | R | T*R | R CT | R NT | ||||||||||
No. ASV | CCC | SSS | WWW | CSW | CCC | SSS | WWW | CSW | ||||||||
Globisporangium aff. hypogynum | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.153 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.320 | 0.78 | 0.772 | 0.7817 | N/A | ||
Globisporangium apiculatum | 20 | 0.664 | 16.294 | 7.970 | 16.522 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.041 | 0.761 | Grape | |
Globisporangium attrantheridium | 49 | 57.290 | 33.493 | 40.079 | 41.743 | 38.209 | 46.590 | 47.258 | 59.105 | 0.230 | 0.448 | 0.021 | 0.066 | 0.138 | Cavity spot lesions | Daucus carota, Prunus, soybean |
Globisporangium glomeratum | 11 | 2.273 | 2.341 | 1.381 | 2.454 | 1.770 | 2.658 | 3.176 | 2.208 | 0.96 | 0.833 | 0.936 | 0.988 | 0.734 | Soybean | |
Globisporangium heterothallicum | 27 | 10.438 | 11.844 | 2.942 | 6.979 | 13.878 | 7.603 | 7.139 | 3.802 | 0.539 | 0.039 | 0.558 | N/A | 0.076 | Damping off | Pepper, corn, lentils, soybean, spinach, wheat |
Globisporangium hypogynum | 3 | 0.000 | 0.930 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.115 | 2.277 | 0.000 | 0.728 | 0.055 | 0.075 | 0.902 | 0.061 | 0.381 | Root rots | Soybean |
Globisporangium intermedium | 3 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 4.290 | 0.388 | 0.000 | 0.995 | 0.281 | 1.700 | 0.755 | 0.074 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.407 | Damping off, rots | Abutilon, antirrhinum, arabis, beet, begonia, carrot, cauliflower, corn, chamaecyparis, cherry laurel, chrysanthemum, cotoneaster, cucumber, erica, ferns, Fragaria vesca, godetia, hazel, hop, hyacinth, lettuce, leyland cypress, lupin, nasturtium, pea, pear, pelargonium, pepper, saintpaulia, soybean, strawberry, tomato, violet, yew |
Globisporangium irregulare | 2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.247 | 0.074 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.559 | 0.867 | 0.563 | 0.782 | 0.347 | Blight, damping off, root and other rots, etc. | Soybean, wheat, corn |
Globisporangium iwayamae | 2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.860 | 0.163 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.0007 | 0.002 | N/A | Rots | Poaceae, wheat |
Globisporangium macrosporum | 2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.181 | 0.055 | 1.220 | 0.797 | 0.546 | 0.029 | 0.658 | 0.738 | 0.782 | 0.682 | Damping off, root rot | Iris, corn, soybean |
Globisporangium nunn | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.042 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.333 | 0.349 | 0.339 | N/A | 0.3415 | Soybean | |
Globisporangium orthogonon | 1 | 0.000 | 1.578 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.305 | 0.323 | 0.264 | 0.3061 | N/A | Corn | |
Globisporangium pleroticum | 5 | 2.38 | 0.3683 | 0.000 | 0.193 | 0.952 | 1.170 | 0.000 | 1.760 | 0.7545 | 0.074 | 0.009 | 0.711 | 0.841 | Lupins, peas, soybean | |
Globisporangium recalcitrans | 14 | 1.103 | 6.190 | 0.000 | 1.321 | 3.613 | 4.969 | 3.326 | 1.693 | 0.131 | 0.194 | 0.566 | 0.219 | 0.435 | Root rot, damping off | Beet, hebe |
Globisporangium rostratifingens | 5 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.329 | 0.725 | 0.233 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.699 | 0.671 | 0.107 | 0.529 | 0.174 | Root rot | Pea, soybean, corn, wheat |
Globisporangium selbyi | 8 | 2.200 | 2.223 | 3.130 | 2.350 | 0.591 | 0.774 | 2.410 | 2.290 | 0.702 | 0.859 | 0.996 | 0.943 | 0.750 | Lesions | Corn, soybean |
Globisporangium sylvaticum | 25 | 4.970 | 2.344 | 9.556 | 3.796 | 19.620 | 12.984 | 3.839 | 7.282 | 0.006 | 0.330 | 0.086 | 0.334 | 0.063 | Root disease, rots | Apples, carrot, cherry laurel, cress, chrysanthemum, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, onion, pea, radish, rhododendron, spinach, strawberry, yew, wheat |
Globisporangium ultimum | 11 | 2.346 | 14.656 | 1.834 | 6.589 | 2.490 | 2.820 | 0.000 | 1.348 | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.991 | Blight, damping off, root rot, etc. | garlic, grape, hyacinth, lettuce, lily, lupin, melon, mustard, onion, parsley, pea, pear, pelargonium, pepper, poinsettia, primula, radish, rhododendron, rhubarb, soybean, spinach, strawberry, sweet pea, tomato, tulip, wallflower, yew |
Phytophthora cf. inundata D0S1P25 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.237 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.180 | 0.093 | 0.152 | N/A | 0.092 | ||
Pythium acanthicum | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.073 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.315 | 0.724 | 0.763 | 0.711 | N/A | Downy mildew. Blight, damping off, rots, etc. | Soybean, corn |
Pythium aff. monospermum | 3 | 1.956 | 0.000 | 10.579 | 0.949 | 2.768 | 0.774 | 14.025 | 2.828 | 0.263 | <0.001 | 0.794 | <0.001 | 0.073 | Grapevine | |
Pythium arrhenomanes | 8 | 1.116 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.872 | 1.257 | 3.545 | 5.713 | 2.795 | 0.014 | 0.782 | 0.223 | 0.492 | 0.409 | Blight, root rot | Corn, rice, barley, wheat |
Pythium monospermum | 12 | 2.109 | 0.872 | 1.683 | 1.187 | 1.274 | 1.928 | 3.108 | 2.005 | 0.367 | 0.857 | 0.725 | 0.476 | 0.962 | Downy mildew. Root necrosis, not known as a strong pathogen | Cherry, juniper, spinach |
Pythium oligandrum | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.338 | 0.763 | 0.772 | N/A | 0.762 | Damping off; root, stem, and fruit rots | Soybean, wheat |
Pythium oopapillum | 2 | 0.000 | 0.158 | 0.000 | 1.536 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.404 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.931 | 0.678 | 0.761 | Root rot | Soybean |
Pythium torulosum | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.326 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.144 | 0.503 | 0.477 | 0.469 | N/A | Damping off, root rot | Pea, soybean, corn |
Pythium volutum | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 6.287 | 4.399 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 1.895 | 0.053 | 0.020 | 0.004 | 0.143 | 0.034 | 0.014 | Root rot | Barley, melon, morning glory, turfgrass, wheat |
Saprolegnia anisospora | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.997 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.238 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.704 | 0.024 | 0.01 | 0.006 | 0.379 | ||
Saprolegnia torulosa | 1 | 0.000 | 0.175 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.093 | 0.142 | 0.384 | 0.181 | 0.306 | 0.265 | ||
Wilsoniana amaranthi | 1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.638 | 1.252 | 0.743 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.646 | 0.876 | 0.369 | 0.782 | 0.515 | White blister rust | Amaranth |
Wilsoniana portulacae | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 5.157 | 0.000 | 1.132 | 0.031 | 0.19 | 0.211 | N/A | N/A | White blister rust | Portulacaceae |
Corn Yield | Soybean Yield | Wheat Yield | |
---|---|---|---|
Tillage | |||
CT | 9177 b | 2257 | 1854 |
NT | 10,806 a | 2652 | 1795 |
Rotation | |||
Monoculture | 9735 | 2404 | 1298 b |
Rotation | 10,248 | 2446 | 2305 a |
Analysis of variance (p-values) | |||
Tillage (T) | 0.018 | 0.226 | 0.548 |
Rotation (R) | 0.442 | 0.577 | <0.001 |
T × R | 0.163 | 0.343 | 0.652 |
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© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2023. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gahagan, A.C.; Shi, Y.; Radford, D.; Morrison, M.J.; Gregorich, E.; Aris-Brosou, S.; Chen, W. Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems. Plants 2023, 12, 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122338
Gahagan AC, Shi Y, Radford D, Morrison MJ, Gregorich E, Aris-Brosou S, Chen W. Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems. Plants. 2023; 12(12):2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122338
Chicago/Turabian StyleGahagan, Alison Claire, Yichao Shi, Devon Radford, Malcolm J. Morrison, Edward Gregorich, Stéphane Aris-Brosou, and Wen Chen. 2023. "Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems" Plants 12, no. 12: 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122338