Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Petals Extract on Antioxidant Activity and Sperm Quality in Charolais Cattle Sperm Induced by Mancozeb

The white Nelumbo nucifera petals aqueous extraction (NAE) was prominent in phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and enhanced rat sperm viability induced by FeSO₄, a heavy metal. Mancozeb (MZ) contains heavy metals and is widely used for fungal control in agriculture and industry. It induces oxidative stress and causes of spermatogenesis and reproductive organs’ abnormalities in both humans and animals. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of white Nelumbo nucifera petals aqueous extraction (WNAE) on sperm quality in cattle sperm induced by MZ. Moreover, this study investigated phytochemical compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A protein profile related to sperm quality with SDS-page and sperm energy preservation for each treatment was determined. The results found nine phytochemical compounds, in which quercetin-3-O-arabinoglycoside was a major flavonoid that was found in the WNAE. MZ induced free radicals in cells, leading to LPO and protein oxidation, while decreasing sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and normal sperm morphology. The cattle sperm found four proteins related to sperm quality including MWs of 17, 31, 34, and 55 kDa. The WNAE effectively increased energy preservation, sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and normal sperm morphology. The WNAE enhanced sperm qualities by reducing oxidative stress. It might be suggested that WNAE has benefits for sperm preservation which may be used to guard against toxicity in animals or humans exposed to MZ contaminants.