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10.3390/plants11030425
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Article

Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives

by
Tarek A. Shalaby
1,2,*,
Naglaa A. Taha
3,
Dalia I. Taher
4,
Metwaly M. Metwaly
5,
Hossam S. El-Beltagi
6,7,*,
Adel A. Rezk
3,6,
Sherif M. El-Ganainy
1,3,
Wael F. Shehata
6,8,
Hassan R. El-Ramady
9 and
Yousry A. Bayoumi
2,10
1
Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
3
Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt
4
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt
5
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
6
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
7
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
8
Plant Production Department, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, El–Arish University, North Sinai 45511, Egypt
9
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
10
Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2022, 11(3), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425
Submission received: 21 January 2022 / Revised: 31 January 2022 / Accepted: 1 February 2022 / Published: 4 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases)
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Abstract

The production and quality of tomato seedlings needs many growth factors and production requirements besides controlling the phytopathogens. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has benefit applications in improving crop productivity under biotic stress (Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in tomatoes). In the current study, the foliar application of PBZ, at rates of 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1, was evaluated against early blight disease in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. The roles of PBZ to extend tomato seedling lives and handling in nurseries were also investigated by measuring different the biochemical (leaf enzymes, including catalase and peroxidase) and histological attributes of tomato seedlings. Disease assessment confirmed that PBZ enhanced the quality of tomato seedlings and induced resistance to early blight disease post inoculation, at 7, 14, and 21 days. Higher values in chlorophyll content, enzyme activities, and anatomical features of stem (cuticle thickness) and stomata (numbers and thickness) were recorded, due to applied PBZ. This may support the delay of the transplanting of tomato seedlings without damage. The reason for this extending tomato seedling life may be due to the role of PBZ treatment in producing seedlings to be greener, more compact, and have a better root system. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that PBZ has a distinguished impact in ameliorating biotic stress, especially of the early blight disease under greenhouse conditions. Further studies, which consider molecular variables, will be conducted to explore the role of PBZ in more detail.
Keywords: anatomy; biotic stress; catalase; early blight; paclobutrazol; peroxidase; phytopathogens; disease index; antifungal; chlorophyll content anatomy; biotic stress; catalase; early blight; paclobutrazol; peroxidase; phytopathogens; disease index; antifungal; chlorophyll content

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shalaby, T.A.; Taha, N.A.; Taher, D.I.; Metwaly, M.M.; El-Beltagi, H.S.; Rezk, A.A.; El-Ganainy, S.M.; Shehata, W.F.; El-Ramady, H.R.; Bayoumi, Y.A. Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives. Plants 2022, 11, 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425

AMA Style

Shalaby TA, Taha NA, Taher DI, Metwaly MM, El-Beltagi HS, Rezk AA, El-Ganainy SM, Shehata WF, El-Ramady HR, Bayoumi YA. Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives. Plants. 2022; 11(3):425. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shalaby, Tarek A., Naglaa A. Taha, Dalia I. Taher, Metwaly M. Metwaly, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Adel A. Rezk, Sherif M. El-Ganainy, Wael F. Shehata, Hassan R. El-Ramady, and Yousry A. Bayoumi. 2022. "Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives" Plants 11, no. 3: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425

APA Style

Shalaby, T. A., Taha, N. A., Taher, D. I., Metwaly, M. M., El-Beltagi, H. S., Rezk, A. A., El-Ganainy, S. M., Shehata, W. F., El-Ramady, H. R., & Bayoumi, Y. A. (2022). Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives. Plants, 11(3), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425

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