The PROSCOOP10 Gene Encodes Two Extracellular Hydroxylated Peptides and Impacts Flowering Time in Arabidopsis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of SCOOP10 Peptides in Extracellular Fluids by MS
2.2. SCOOP10#2 Is Unstructured in Solution but Cis-Trans Isomerization May Be Favoured in a Hydrophobic Environment
2.3. Transient Hairpin-like Structures Exposing S8 and S10 Might Have Functional Relevance
2.4. SCOOP10#1 Is Unstructured in Solution with Transient Head-to-Tail Contact
2.5. Native SCOOP10 Peptides Do Not Induce Strong ROS Production and Growth Inhibition
2.6. Mutations of PROSCOOP10 Impact Flowering Time
3. Discussion
3.1. Two Distinct Hydroxylated SCOOP10 Peptides Are Present in the Leaf Apoplasm
3.2. SCOOP10 Peptides Tend to Adopt a Hairpin Structure
3.3. PROSCOOP10 Delays the Floral Transition
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Synthetic Peptides
4.3. Mass Spectrometry (MS) Analyses of Extracellular Fluids
4.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analyses
4.5. Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations
4.6. Seedling Growth Inhibition Assay
4.7. ROS Assay
4.8. Gene Expression Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | Phenotype | PROSCOOP10 Transcription | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
10th vs. 9th day in SAM wild-type | Wild-type | Down-regulated | [48] |
pif1-5vs. wild-type | Early-flowering | Down-regulated | [55,57] |
abi4vtc2vs. wild-type | Early-flowering | Down-regulated | [50] |
phyABCDEvs. wild-type | Early-flowering | Down-regulated | [51] |
Brassinolide treatment in wild-type | Early-flowering | Down-regulated | [45] |
MeJA treatment in wild-type | Early-flowering | Down-regulated | [58] |
35S::ARAF1 vs. wild-type | Late-flowering | Up-regulated | [59] |
vtc2vs. wild-type | Late-flowering | Up-regulated | [52] |
tcp4vs. wild-type | Late-flowering | Up-regulated | [53] |
ga1-3vs. wild-type | No flowering | Up-regulated | [47] |
arf6-2/arf8-3vs. wild-type | Immature flowers | Up-regulated | [54] |
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Guillou, M.-C.; Balliau, T.; Vergne, E.; Canut, H.; Chourré, J.; Herrera-León, C.; Ramos-Martín, F.; Ahmadi-Afzadi, M.; D’Amelio, N.; Ruelland, E.; et al. The PROSCOOP10 Gene Encodes Two Extracellular Hydroxylated Peptides and Impacts Flowering Time in Arabidopsis. Plants 2022, 11, 3554. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243554
Guillou M-C, Balliau T, Vergne E, Canut H, Chourré J, Herrera-León C, Ramos-Martín F, Ahmadi-Afzadi M, D’Amelio N, Ruelland E, et al. The PROSCOOP10 Gene Encodes Two Extracellular Hydroxylated Peptides and Impacts Flowering Time in Arabidopsis. Plants. 2022; 11(24):3554. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243554
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillou, Marie-Charlotte, Thierry Balliau, Emilie Vergne, Hervé Canut, Josiane Chourré, Claudia Herrera-León, Francisco Ramos-Martín, Masoud Ahmadi-Afzadi, Nicola D’Amelio, Eric Ruelland, and et al. 2022. "The PROSCOOP10 Gene Encodes Two Extracellular Hydroxylated Peptides and Impacts Flowering Time in Arabidopsis" Plants 11, no. 24: 3554. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243554