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Volume 11
Issue 22
10.3390/plants11223030
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Article

AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions

by
Elena V. Garmash
*,
Olga V. Dymova
,
Ekaterina V. Silina
,
Ruslan V. Malyshev
,
Elena S. Belykh
,
Mikhail A. Shelyakin
and
Ilya O. Velegzhaninov
Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3030; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223030
Submission received: 5 October 2022 / Revised: 27 October 2022 / Accepted: 2 November 2022 / Published: 9 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Physiology and Metabolism)
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Abstract

Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is considered important for sustaining photosynthesis under high light conditions. Here, we examined the effects of the AOX pathway on the state of chloroplast photoprotective systems. Arabidopsis thaliana plants (4 weeks old), comprising three genotypes (wild type [WT], overexpressing [XX-2] and antisense [AS-12] lines for AOX1a), were exposed to moderately high light conditions (MHL, 400 μmol m−2 s−1) in a short-term experiment (8 h). After 8 h of MHL, the WT and XX-2 plants showed stable non-photochemical quenching (qN) and violaxanthin cycle activity. Antisense plants displayed the lowest level of qN and a lower de-epoxidation state (DEPS) relative to plants of the same line after 4–6 h MHL, as well as compared to WT and XX-2 plants after 8 h MHL. The decline in DEPS in AS-12 plants was attributed to an insufficient violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity, which in turn was associated with a decrease in reduced ascorbate levels in the chloroplasts and leaves. Simultaneously, gene expression and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the antisense line increased after 8 h of MHL, supporting the compensatory effect of the antioxidant system when AOX1a expression is suppressed. This study emphasizes the role played by AOX in modulating the photoprotection processes and in the maintenance of relationships between mitochondria and chloroplasts by influencing ascorbate content.
Keywords: alternative oxidase; Arabidopsis thaliana; AOX1a-transformed lines; ascorbate; high light stress; non-photochemical quenching; violaxanthin de-epoxidase alternative oxidase; Arabidopsis thaliana; AOX1a-transformed lines; ascorbate; high light stress; non-photochemical quenching; violaxanthin de-epoxidase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garmash, E.V.; Dymova, O.V.; Silina, E.V.; Malyshev, R.V.; Belykh, E.S.; Shelyakin, M.A.; Velegzhaninov, I.O. AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions. Plants 2022, 11, 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223030

AMA Style

Garmash EV, Dymova OV, Silina EV, Malyshev RV, Belykh ES, Shelyakin MA, Velegzhaninov IO. AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions. Plants. 2022; 11(22):3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garmash, Elena V., Olga V. Dymova, Ekaterina V. Silina, Ruslan V. Malyshev, Elena S. Belykh, Mikhail A. Shelyakin, and Ilya O. Velegzhaninov. 2022. "AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions" Plants 11, no. 22: 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223030

APA Style

Garmash, E. V., Dymova, O. V., Silina, E. V., Malyshev, R. V., Belykh, E. S., Shelyakin, M. A., & Velegzhaninov, I. O. (2022). AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions. Plants, 11(22), 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223030

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