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Volume 11
Issue 22
10.3390/plants11223013
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Article

Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L.

by
Arina A. Kichko
1,
Grigory V. Gladkov
1,
Pavel S. Ulianich
1,
Vera I. Safronova
1,
Alexander G. Pinaev
1,
Edgar A. Sekste
1,
Andrey A. Belimov
1 and
Evgeny E. Andronov
1,2,*
1
All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo sh. 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
2
Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3013; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013
Submission received: 18 August 2022 / Revised: 19 October 2022 / Accepted: 3 November 2022 / Published: 8 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation of Mutualistic Plant-Microbe Systems to Abiotic Stresses)
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Abstract

Drought and heavy metals seriously affect plant growth and the biodiversity of the associated rhizosphere microbiomes, which, in turn, could be involved in the adaptation of plants to these environmental stresses. Rhizosphere soil was collected from a three-factor pot experiment, where pea line SGE and its Cd-tolerant mutant SGECdt were cultivated under both optimal and limited water conditions and treated with a toxic Cd concentration. The taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic rhizosphere microbiome was analyzed with the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicon libraries. A permutation test demonstrated statistically significant effects of Cd and water stress but not of pea genotype on the rhizosphere microbiome structure. Phylogenetic isometric log-ratio data transformation identified the taxonomic balances that were affected by abiotic factors and pea genotypes. A small number of significant (log ratio [−3.0:+3.0]) and phylogenetically deep balances characterized water stress, while a larger number of weak (log ratio [−0.8:+0.8]) phylogenetically lower balances described the influence of the plant genotype. Stress caused by cadmium took on an intermediate position. The main conclusion of the study is that the most powerful factor affecting the rhizosphere microbiome was water stress, and the weakest factor was plant genotype since it demonstrated a very weak transformation of the taxonomic structure of rhizosphere microbiomes in terms of alpha diversity indices, beta diversity, and the log ratio values of taxonomic balances.
Keywords: rhizosphere; microbiome; cadmium; drought; water stress; cadmium tolerant pea mutant; SGECdt; compositional data rhizosphere; microbiome; cadmium; drought; water stress; cadmium tolerant pea mutant; SGECdt; compositional data
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kichko, A.A.; Gladkov, G.V.; Ulianich, P.S.; Safronova, V.I.; Pinaev, A.G.; Sekste, E.A.; Belimov, A.A.; Andronov, E.E. Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L. Plants 2022, 11, 3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013

AMA Style

Kichko AA, Gladkov GV, Ulianich PS, Safronova VI, Pinaev AG, Sekste EA, Belimov AA, Andronov EE. Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L. Plants. 2022; 11(22):3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kichko, Arina A., Grigory V. Gladkov, Pavel S. Ulianich, Vera I. Safronova, Alexander G. Pinaev, Edgar A. Sekste, Andrey A. Belimov, and Evgeny E. Andronov. 2022. "Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L." Plants 11, no. 22: 3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013

APA Style

Kichko, A. A., Gladkov, G. V., Ulianich, P. S., Safronova, V. I., Pinaev, A. G., Sekste, E. A., Belimov, A. A., & Andronov, E. E. (2022). Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L. Plants, 11(22), 3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013

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