In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plant Identification
2.2. Cytotoxic Activity
2.3. Antioxidant Activity
2.4. Hemolytic and Anti-Hemolytic Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Plant Material and Extraction
4.3. Tumor and Normal Cells
4.4. Antioxidant Activity
4.5. Hemolytic Activity Test
4.6. Anti-Hemolytic Activity Test
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Species | Family | Mexican Common Name | Evaluated Plant Part | Voucher Number | Yield % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Standl. | Anacardiaceae | Cuachalalate | Bark | 30642 | 38.36 |
Argemone mexicana L. | Papaveraceae | Chicalote | Leaves | 29127 | 11.26 |
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | Compositae | Estafiate | Leaves | 30643 | 18.39 |
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. | Poaceae | Zacate limón | Leaves | 30644 | 23.04 |
Heterotheca inuloides Cass. | Compositae | Mexican arnica | Flowers | 30646 | 20.49 |
Jatropha dioica Sessé | Euphorbiaceae | Sangre de dragón | Root | 30648 | 15.97 |
Justicia spicigera Schltdl. | Acanthaceae | Muicle | Leaves | 30649 | 13.18 |
Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville | Zygophyllaceae | Gobernadora | Leaves | 30650 | 13.17 |
Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. | Leguminosae | Tepezcohuite | Bark | 30651 | 10.84 |
Psacalium peltatum (Kunth) Cass. | Compositae | Matarique | Leaves | 30652 | 10.93 |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt. | Compositae | Gordolobo | Leaves | 30653 | 16.99 |
Ruta chalepensis L. | Rutaceae | Ruda | Root | 30654 | 19.39 |
Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega | Celastraceae | Cancerina | Bark | 30647 | 10.52 |
Smilax aspera L. | Smilacaceae | Zarzaparrilla | Leaves | 30655 | 13.14 |
Tagetes lucida Cav. | Compositae | Hierbanís or Yerbaniz | Bark | 30656 | 20.63 |
Plant Extract | HEP-G2 IC50 (µg/mL) | Vero IC50 (µg/mL) | SI |
---|---|---|---|
Amphipterygium adstringens | 41.77 ± 6.18 c | 197.98 ± 4.71 e | 4.74 |
Argemone mexicana | 820.78 ± 20.81 h | 245.41 ± 13.05 g | 0.29 |
Artemisia ludoviciana | 1034.76 ± 12.01 i,j | 197.37 ± 2.79 e | 0.19 |
Cymbopogon citratus | 1560.01 ± 23.26 j | 24.47 ± 3.79 a | 0.02 |
Heterotheca inuloides | 1002.08 ± 14.81 i | 36.95 ± 8.22 b | 0.04 |
Jatropha dioica | 12.34 ± 3.12 b | 70.59 ± 9.73 d | 5.72 |
Justicia spicigera | 2.92 ± 0.54 a | 54.91 ± 7.60 c | 18.84 |
Larrea tridentata | 403.05 ± 13.72 d | 214.64 ± 1.63 f | 0.53 |
Mimosa tenuiflora | 809.64 ± 19.72 h | 467.59 ± 13.72 h | 0.58 |
Psacalium peltatum | 975.81 ± 15.19 i | 54.91 ± 4.94 c | 0.06 |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | 690.05 ± 10.45 g | 61.98 ± 2.82 c,d | 0.09 |
Ruta chalepensis | 1.79 ± 0.38 a | 522.08 ± 29.96 i | 291.50 |
Semialarium mexicanum | 527.10 ± 20.87 e | 20.75 ± 3.16 a | 0.04 |
Smilax aspera | 393.05 ± 15.06 d | 582.11 ± 31.14 i | 1.48 |
Tagetes lucida | 607.93 ± 11.15 f | 780.62 ± 9.27 j | 1.28 |
Plant Extract | DPPH Assay (IC50 in µg/mL) |
---|---|
Amphipterygium adstringens | 504.89 ± 34.33 c |
Argemone mexicana | 565.98 ± 17.60 c |
Artemisia ludoviciana | 723.33 ± 25.92 d,e |
Cymbopogon citratus | 690.4 ± 26.37 d |
Heterotheca inuloides | 19.24 ± 2.11 b |
Jatropha dioica | 681.18 ± 15.64 d |
Justicia spicigera | 924.92 ± 30.83 f |
Larrea tridentata | 665.41 ± 31.70 d |
Mimosa tenuiflora | 547.66 ± 28.87 c |
Psacalium peltatum | 520.52 ± 15.69 c |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | 528.67 ± 25.78 c |
Ruta chalepensis | 859.85 ± 25.08 e |
Semialarium mexicanum | 1,639.79 ± 35.74 g |
Smilax aspera | 936.5 ± 11.19 f |
Tagetes lucida | 550.85 ± 16.09 c |
Ascorbic acid (positive control) | 7.23 ± 0.03 a |
Plant Extract | Hemolytic Activity | Anti-Hemolytic Activity |
---|---|---|
IC50 (µg/mL) | ||
Amphipterygium adstringens | 203.62 ± 11.96 a | 5.35 ± 1.63 a |
Argemone mexicana | 973.88 ± 38.46 f | 101.60 ± 10.21 d |
Artemisia ludoviciana | 746.39 ± 12.80 d | 50.31 ± 7.64 c |
Cymbopogon citratus | 606.82 ± 19.12 c | 32.01 ± 4.74 b |
Heterotheca inuloides | 835.73 ± 23.73 e | 5.42 ± 0.89 a |
Jatropha dioica | 545.74 ± 8.76 b | 72.92 ± 4.85 d |
Justicia spicigera | ˃2500 † | 81.08 ± 8.10 d |
Larrea tridentata | 741.71 ± 12.80 d | 777.85 ± 18.58 f |
Mimosa tenuiflora | ˃2500 † | 71.24 ± 6.47 d |
Psacalium peltatum | ˃2500 † | 5.92 ± 1.29 a |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | ˃2500 † | 143.17 ± 19.29 e |
Ruta chalepensis | 738.73 ± 20.74 d | 28.29 ± 2.31 b |
Semialarium mexicanum | 1976.75 ± 26.06 f | 41.32 ± 8.27 b c |
Smilax aspera | 625.17 ± 13.11 c | 4.41 ± 0.69 a |
Tagetes lucida | 843.84 ± 31.93 e | 62.48 ± 8.52 c |
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Elizondo-Luévano, J.H.; Gomez-Flores, R.; Verde-Star, M.J.; Tamez-Guerra, P.; Romo-Sáenz, C.I.; Chávez-Montes, A.; Rodríguez-Garza, N.E.; Quintanilla-Licea, R. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Plants 2022, 11, 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212862
Elizondo-Luévano JH, Gomez-Flores R, Verde-Star MJ, Tamez-Guerra P, Romo-Sáenz CI, Chávez-Montes A, Rodríguez-Garza NE, Quintanilla-Licea R. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Plants. 2022; 11(21):2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212862
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizondo-Luévano, Joel H., Ricardo Gomez-Flores, María J. Verde-Star, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, César I. Romo-Sáenz, Abelardo Chávez-Montes, Nancy E. Rodríguez-Garza, and Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea. 2022. "In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma" Plants 11, no. 21: 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212862