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Volume 11
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10.3390/plants11172217
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Article

Optimization of the Extraction Procedure for the Phenolic-Rich Glechoma hederacea L. Herb and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential

by
Karolina Grabowska
1,
Kinga Amanowicz
1,
Paweł Paśko
2,
Irma Podolak
1 and
Agnieszka Galanty
1,*
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
2
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2217; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172217
Submission received: 29 July 2022 / Revised: 16 August 2022 / Accepted: 24 August 2022 / Published: 26 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Extracts and Their Cytotoxic Activities)
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Abstract

The dried Glechoma hederacea L. herb has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Its therapeutic potential is related to the presence of phenolic compounds. To optimize extraction efficiency the effect of the use of different techniques (HRE—heat reflux extraction, I/ME—infusion combined with maceration, UE—sonication and SE—Soxhlet extraction), various solvents (water and ethanol) and processing time (15 min to 2 h) on phenolics content was investigated. The HPLC method was applied to determine and compare the content of phenolic acids (rosmarinic, chlorogenic, protocatechuic) and flavonoids (rutin, isoquercetin) in the extracts. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was examined for the first time against human cancer and normal cells of skin origin (A375, HTB140, HaCaT) and gastrointestinal origin (Caco-2 and HT-29, HepG2). In addition, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH and FRAP method. The I/ME-water and HRE/ethanol procedures turned out to be optimal for obtaining extracts of dried G. hederacea L. herb rich in bioactive phenolics. These extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity, correlated with the content of the compounds analyzed. Furthermore, the extracts of the dried Glechoma herb were not toxic to normal human cells, indicating its safe use both internally and externally.
Keywords: Glechoma hederacea; extraction optimization; HPLC; quantification; phenolic acid; flavonoid; cytotoxicity; antioxidant activity Glechoma hederacea; extraction optimization; HPLC; quantification; phenolic acid; flavonoid; cytotoxicity; antioxidant activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Grabowska, K.; Amanowicz, K.; Paśko, P.; Podolak, I.; Galanty, A. Optimization of the Extraction Procedure for the Phenolic-Rich Glechoma hederacea L. Herb and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential. Plants 2022, 11, 2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172217

AMA Style

Grabowska K, Amanowicz K, Paśko P, Podolak I, Galanty A. Optimization of the Extraction Procedure for the Phenolic-Rich Glechoma hederacea L. Herb and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential. Plants. 2022; 11(17):2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172217

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grabowska, Karolina, Kinga Amanowicz, Paweł Paśko, Irma Podolak, and Agnieszka Galanty. 2022. "Optimization of the Extraction Procedure for the Phenolic-Rich Glechoma hederacea L. Herb and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential" Plants 11, no. 17: 2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172217

APA Style

Grabowska, K., Amanowicz, K., Paśko, P., Podolak, I., & Galanty, A. (2022). Optimization of the Extraction Procedure for the Phenolic-Rich Glechoma hederacea L. Herb and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential. Plants, 11(17), 2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172217

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