Chemical Composition of Ambrosia trifida L. and Its Allelopathic Influence on Crops
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Phenolic Compounds
2.2. The Effects of Ambrosia trifida on Sunflower, Soybean and Maize Total Phenolics and Tannins
2.3. The Effects of Ambrosia trifida on Sunflower, Soybean and Maize Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, GSH Content and MDA Content
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. The Validation of the Method
4.2. Plant Material and Plant Extraction
4.3. LC-MS/MS Analysis
4.4. Crop Plant Growth
4.5. Determination of Total Phenolics and Tannins
4.6. Determination of the Oxidative Stress Parameters
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phenolic Compounds | mean ± SD µg/g * |
---|---|
gallic acid | nd |
ferulic acid | 0.70 ± 0.01 |
2-hydroxycinnamic acid | nd |
trans-cinnamic acid | nd |
caffeic acid | nd |
p-coumaric acid | 0.96 ± 0.00 |
chlorogenic acid | nd |
quercetin | nd |
(+)-catechin | nd |
protocatechuic acid | 8.90 ± 0.28 |
p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 4.50 ± 0.00 |
vanillic acid | 3.55 ± 0.00 |
epicatechin | nd |
syringic acid | 1.75 ± 0.09 |
kaempferol | nd |
Time | Ratio | Sunflower | Soybean | Maize | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | TT | TP | TT | TP | TT | ||
7 days | C | 11.67 ± 0.90 a | 4.36 ± 0.46 ab | 9.93 ± 1.18 a | 3.09 ± 1.12 b | 14.82 ± 2.13 ac | 5.65 ± 1.99 bc |
1:3 | 7.95 ± 0.92 a | 3.35 ± 0.34 ab | 11.23 ± 0.89 a | 7.03 ± 0.67 d | 14.34 ± 1.74 ac | 8.00 ± 1.67 c | |
1:1 | 11.74 ± 0.89 a | 4.76 ± 0.07 ab | 10.12 ± 0.64 a | 5.90 ± 0.60 cd | 15.52 ± 1.20 ac | 6.77 ± 0.82 c | |
3:1 | 7.18 ± 1.14 a | 3.23 ± 0.17 ab | 10.59 ± 1.09 a | 5.19 ± 1.11 bcd | 13.75 ± 0.96 b | 5.86 ± 1.00 bc | |
10 days | C | 11.20 ± 1.02 a | 3.70 ± 0.22 ab | 10.23 ± 0.78 a | 4.30 ± 0.53 bc | 15.86 ± 0.48 ac | 7.98 ± 0.22 c |
1:3 | 6.83 ± 0.78 a | 2.89 ± 0.15 a | 11.08 ± 0.47 a | 4.93 ± 0.77 bcd | 17.28 ± 0.57 c | 8.40 ± 0.42 c | |
1:1 | 9.09 ± 1.34 a | 3.88 ± 0.26 ab | 10.90 ± 0.45 a | 4.33 ± 1.01 bc | 14.76 ± 1.09 ac | 5.52 ± 0.92 bc | |
3:1 | 30.50 ± 5.18 b | 5.01 ± 0.17 b | 11.05 ± 0.94 a | 0.41 ± 0.30 a | 22.72 ± 1.49 a | 5.70 ± 0.61 bc | |
14 days | C | 12.81 ± 0.55 a | 5.04 ± 0.38 b | 10.32 ± 0.51 a | 6.10 ± 0.31 c | 16.55 ± 0.12 c | 12.85 ± 0.22 a |
1:3 | 14.26 ± 0.51 a | 4.42 ± 0.44 ab | 10.60 ± 0.35 a | 4.22 ± 0.18 bc | 15.05 ± 0.18 ac | 6.91 ± 0.16 c | |
1:1 | 13.67 ± 1.19 a | 5.00 ± 0.51 b | 10.39 ± 0.53 a | 3.66 ± 0.47 bc | 14.64 ± 0.73 ac | 5.70 ± 0.76 bc | |
3:1 | 16.14 ± 1.35 a | 5.10 ± 0.14 b | 14.17 ± 0.44 b | 2.69 ± 1.10 b | 12.72 ± 0.80 b | 3.12 ± 0.17 b |
Time | Ratio | CAT | SOD | PX | GSH | MDA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 days | C | 0.29 ± 0.16 a | 1241.71 ± 1150.06 d | 0.77 ± 0.65 c | 0.20 ± 0.20 a | 35.04 ± 13.26 a |
1:3 | 0.06 ± 0.07 b | 1428.85 ± 1337.20 abc | 0.47 ± 0.35 a | 0.16 ± 0.15 b | 32.16 ± 10.38 a | |
1:1 | 0.17 ± 0.04 c | 1467.84 ± 1376.18 a | 0.55 ± 0.43 ab | 0.16 ± 0.16 b | 25.21 ± 3.43 a | |
3:1 | 0.09 ± 0.04 c | 888.89 ± 797.24 e | 0.62 ± 0.50 abc | 0.17 ± 0.16 b | 35.26 ± 13.48 a | |
10 days | C | 0.10 ± 0.03 a | 1396.19 ± 1304.54 abc | 0.63 ± 0.51 abc | 0.180.17 a | 42.73 ± 20.96 ab |
1:3 | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 1443.81 ± 1352.16 ab | 0.61 ± 0.49 abc | 0.20 ± 0.19 b | 34.83 ± 13.05 a | |
1:1 | 0.07 ± 0.06 a | 1304.76 ± 1213.11 c | 0.62 ± 0.50 abc | 0.17 ± 0.16 c | 55.66 ± 33.88 ab | |
3:1 | 0.15 ± 0.02 a | 1329.52 ± 1237.87 b | 0.70 ± 0.58 b | 0.17 ± 0.16 a | 45.62 ± 23.84 ab | |
14 days | C | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | 1505.24 ± 1413.59 a | 0.81 ± 0.69 d | 0.21 ± 0.20 a | 40.49 ± 18.71 ab |
1:3 | 0.09 ± 0.04 a | 1456.86 ± 1365.21 ab | 0.57 ± 0.49 ab | 0.17 ± 0.16 b | 39.53 ± 17.75 ab | |
1:1 | 0.17 ± 0.04 a | 1472.55 ± 1380.90 a | 0.89 ± 0.77 e | 0.26 ± 0.25 c | 71.69 ± 49.91 b | |
3:1 | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 1488.23 ± 1396.58 a | 0.91 ± 0.79 e | 0.20 ± 0.19 a | 90.38 ± 68.61 c |
Time | Ratio | CAT | SOD | PX | GSH | MDA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 days | C | 0.13 ± 0.03 a | 1062.38 ± 956.17 a | 1.50 ± 1.20 a | 0.25 ± 0.24 a | 91.13 ± 84.96 a |
1:3 | 0.06 ± 0.04 a | 877.19 ± 770.99 c | 0.83 ± 0.53 b | 0.20 ± 0.19 b | 80.34 ± 74.17 b | |
1:1 | 0.13 ± 0.03 a | 1027.29 ± 921.09 ac | 1.05 ± 0.76 ab | 0.20 ± 0.19 b | 55.66 ± 49.49 f | |
3:1 | 0.08 ± 0.02 a | 1109.16 ± 1002.96 a | 1.27 ± 0.97 ab | 0.31 ± 0.30 c | 74.68 ± 68.51 be | |
10 days | C | 0.07 ± 0.03 a | 1308.57 ± 1202.37 b | 1.20 ± 0.91 ab | 0.24 ± 0.23 a | 109.19 ± 103.01 cd |
1:3 | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 1369.52 ± 1263.32 b | 1.05 ± 0.76 ab | 0.20 ± 0.19 b | 101.39 ± 95.22 c | |
1:1 | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 1022.86 ± 916.65 ac | 1.41 ± 1.12 a | 0.26 ± 0.25 c | 67.63 ± 61.45 e | |
3:1 | 0.20 ± 0.10 a | 1099.05 ± 992.84 a | 2.34 ± 2.05 cd | 0.31 ± 0.30 d | 85.36 ± 79.19 ab | |
14 days | C | 0.08 ± 0.02 a | 1392.16 ± 1285.95 b | 2.39 ± 2.09 cd | 0.31 ± 0.30 a | 114.10 ± 107.93 c |
1:3 | 0.11 ± 0.01 a | 1447.06 ± 1340.86 b | 2.01 ± 1.72 c | 0.32 ± 0.31 a | 100.32 ± 94.15 d | |
1:1 | 0.15 ± 0.05 a | 1433.33 ± 1327.13 b | 2.51 ± 2.21 d | 0.29 ± 0.28 b | 103.74 ± 97.57 d | |
3:1 | 0.11 ± 0.01 a | 623.53 ± 517.33 d | 2.36 ± 2.06 cd | 0.24 ± 0.23 c | 100.21 ± 94.04 d |
Time | Ratio | CAT | SOD | PX | GSH | MDA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 days | C | 0.33 ± 0.16 a | 1335.28 ± 1258.50 e | 1.12 ± 0.96 c | 0.20 ± 0.19 a | 49.25 ± 33.69 a |
1:3 | 0.23 ± 0.07 a | 1085.77 ± 1008.99 b | 1.00 ± 0.83 d | 0.22 ± 0.20 a | 43.80 ± 28.24 a | |
1:1 | 0.72 ± 0.55 b | 1042.88 ± 966.10 b | 1.32 ± 1.16 abc | 0.20 ± 0.19 a | 39.53 ± 23.96 a | |
3:1 | 0.20 ± 0.04 a | 807.02 ± 730.23 d | 1.04 ± 0.88 d | 0.21 ± 0.20 a | 51.17 ± 35.61 a | |
10 days | C | 0.22 ± 0.06 a | 754.29 ± 677.50 d | 1.43 ± 1.27 ab | 0.23 ± 0.22 a | 50.43 ± 34.86 a |
1:3 | 0.22 ± 0.06 a | 923.81 ± 847.02 a | 1.21 ± 1.05 a | 0.25 ± 0.24 b | 44.23 ± 28.67 a | |
1:1 | 0.34 ± 0.18 a | 910.48 ± 833.69 ac | 1.53 ± 1.37 b | 0.19 ± 0.17 c | 48.50 ± 32.94 a | |
3:1 | 0.21 ± 0.04 a | 935.24 ± 858.45 abc | 1.42 ± 1.26 ab | 0.33 ± 0.32 d | 54.06 ± 38.49 a | |
14 days | C | 0.14 ± 0.02 a | 851.15 ± 774.37 c | 1.33 ± 1.17 abc | 0.25 ± 0.24 a | 58.01 ± 42.45 a |
1:3 | 0.12 ± 0.04 a | 1012.58 ± 935.79 ab | 1.35 ± 1.19 abc | 0.29 ± 0.27 b | 58.65 ± 43.09 a | |
1:1 | 0.31 ± 0.15 a | 1018.87 ± 942.08 ab | 1.61 ± 1.45 e | 0.28 ± 0.27 b | 58.01 ± 42.45 a | |
3:1 | 0.23 ± 0.07 a | 1008.39 ± 931.60 ab | 1.78 ± 1.62 f | 0.30 ± 0.29 b | 52.88 ± 37.32 a |
Phenolic Compounds | Rt (min) | Precursor Product Ion | R2 | Repeatability (RSD, %) | LOQ (µg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
gallic acid | 4.12 | 169→125 | 0.9967 | 9.5 | 0.1 |
ferulic acid | 12.62 | 193→134 193→177.5 | 0.9988 | 12.1 | 0.1 |
2-hydroxycinnamic acid | 7.25 | 163→117 163→119 | 0.9954 | 5.9 | 0.1 |
trans-cinnamic acid | 13.27 | 147→147 | 0.9816 | 8.1 | 0.1 |
caffeic acid | 10.86 | 179→135 | 0.9995 | 11.7 | 0.1 |
p-coumaric acid | 12.20 | 163→93 163→119 | 0.9990 | 8.6 | 0.1 |
chlorogenic acid | 10.05 | 353→191 | 0.9990 | 9.2 | 0.1 |
quercetin | 15.13 | 301→151 301→179 | 0.9969 | 7.4 | 0.1 |
(+)-catechin | 9.79 | 289→205 289→245 | 0.9980 | 4.3 | 0.1 |
protocatechuic acid | 7.53 | 153→109 | 0.9995 | 4.3 | 0.1 |
p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 9.62 | 137→93 | 0.9980 | 9.2 | 0.1 |
vanillic acid | 10.68 | 167→108 | 0.9996 | 11.7 | 0.1 |
epicatechin | 11.14 | 189→245 | 0.9986 | 5.9 | 0.1 |
syringic acid | 11.17 | 197→182 | 0.9998 | 4.3 | 0.1 |
kaempferol | 15.65 | 285→169 285→285 | 0.9968 | 4.2 | 0.1 |
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Šućur, J.; Konstantinović, B.; Crnković, M.; Bursić, V.; Samardžić, N.; Malenčić, Đ.; Prvulović, D.; Popov, M.; Vuković, G. Chemical Composition of Ambrosia trifida L. and Its Allelopathic Influence on Crops. Plants 2021, 10, 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102222
Šućur J, Konstantinović B, Crnković M, Bursić V, Samardžić N, Malenčić Đ, Prvulović D, Popov M, Vuković G. Chemical Composition of Ambrosia trifida L. and Its Allelopathic Influence on Crops. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102222
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠućur, Jovana, Bojan Konstantinović, Marina Crnković, Vojislava Bursić, Nataša Samardžić, Đorđe Malenčić, Dejan Prvulović, Milena Popov, and Gorica Vuković. 2021. "Chemical Composition of Ambrosia trifida L. and Its Allelopathic Influence on Crops" Plants 10, no. 10: 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102222