Genetic Fingerprinting of Wheat and Its Progenitors by Mitochondrial Gene orf256
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. DNA Primer
Primer Name | Sequence 5' 3' |
---|---|
1.5: −94 | CCA TAT TCA CGC AAC TGA T |
2.5: −215 | CTA CGA GAT CAC CTT CAC G |
3.5: −190 | CTG AGC CTT TAC GAG CAG G |
4.5: 35 | GCA GGT TTA CTG CTT TC |
5.5':253 | CTGAGCCTTTACGAGCAGG |
6.C:785 | TCA GAA TTA CTG AGC TAC |
7.C:477 | GGA ACG AAG CGC TTC ATC GA |
8.C: 219 | GCT TGG GGA TCC TGA ATC |
9.C:482 | GAG ATG CTG TTT CCC ACA AC |
10.C:980 | ATA GAG AGT CCC AAT ATC C |
11.C:1469 | GCT GTC ACT AGA ACG GAC C |
2.2. Growth of Wheat Shoots
2.3. Freeze drying of Wheat Shoots
2.4. Isolation of Mitochondria
2.5. Isolation of DNA
Species | Description | Ploidy level | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Triticum aestivum (Ta) | Hexaploid wheat | AABBDD | |
Triticum timopheevii (Tt) | wheat progenitor | GGAA | Possible source of B (G = B) genome |
Triticum turgidum (Ttu) | wheat progenitor | BBAA | S = B |
Triticum monococcum monocuccom (Tm) | wheat progenitor | AA | Source of A genome |
Triticum monocuccum bioeticum (Tb) | wheat progenitor | AA | Source of A genome |
Aegilops speltoides (Asp) | wheat progenitor | SS | S = B |
Aegilops bicornis (Ab) | wheat progenitor | SS | |
Aegilops searsii (Ase) | wheat progenitor | SS | |
Aegilops taushii (At) | wheat progenitor | DD | Source of D genome |
Aegilops sharonensis (Ash) | wheat progenitor | SS | |
Secale cereale (Sc) | wheat relative |
2.6. PCR Amplification
2.7. Sequencing of the PCR Amplified Fragments
2.8. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Relationship
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PCR
3.2. Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis of PCR Products
Sequence obtained | Species | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ttu | Tt | Ase | Ab | Ash | Asp | Tm | Tb | At | Sc | ||
Primers | 5: −94/C:482 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 | 576 |
5:253/C:482 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | |
Number of base substitutions | 49 | 49 | 50 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 25 | 22 | 21 | - |
3.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
3.4. Distance Matrix
Species | Ttu | Tt | Ase | Ab | Ash | Asp | Tm | Tb | At | Sc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T.turgidum | 0.00 | |||||||||
T.temopheevii | 0.20 | 0.00 | ||||||||
A.searsii | 3.06 | 2.85 | 0.00 | |||||||
A.bicornis | 2.85 | 2.65 | 0.20 | 0.00 | ||||||
A.sharonensis | 3.06 | 2.85 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |||||
A.speltoides | 2.44 | 2.23 | 1.41 | 1.21 | 1.41 | 0.00 | ||||
T.monococcum | 32.85 | 33.16 | 33.16 | 32.85 | 32.54 | 33.16 | 0.00 | |||
T.boeoticum | 32.85 | 33.16 | 32.85 | 32.54 | 32.23 | 33.16 | 0.40 | 0.00 | ||
A.tauschii | 33.47 | 33.78 | 33.47 | 33.16 | 32.85 | 33.78 | 1.82 | 1.41 | 0.00 | |
S.cereale | 32.23 | 32.54 | 32.23 | 31.93 | 31.62 | 32.54 | 4.53 | 4.11 | 4.11 | 0.00 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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El-Shehawi, A.M.; Fahmi, A.I.; Sayed, S.M.; Elseehy, M.M. Genetic Fingerprinting of Wheat and Its Progenitors by Mitochondrial Gene orf256. Biomolecules 2012, 2, 228-239. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020228
El-Shehawi AM, Fahmi AI, Sayed SM, Elseehy MM. Genetic Fingerprinting of Wheat and Its Progenitors by Mitochondrial Gene orf256. Biomolecules. 2012; 2(2):228-239. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020228
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Shehawi, Ahmed M., Abdelmeguid I. Fahmi, Samy M. Sayed, and Mona M. Elseehy. 2012. "Genetic Fingerprinting of Wheat and Its Progenitors by Mitochondrial Gene orf256" Biomolecules 2, no. 2: 228-239. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020228