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Review

Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance

by
Yao Xu
1,2,†,
Lu Zhang
3,4,†,
Dong Shang
1,2,* and
Hong Xiang
1,*
1
Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
2
Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
3
Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
4
Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2025, 15(6), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060810
Submission received: 25 April 2025 / Revised: 19 May 2025 / Accepted: 22 May 2025 / Published: 3 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Epigenetics, Post-Translational Modification, and Drug Discovery)
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Abstract

Lactylation, referring to the covalent coupling of the lactyl group with lysine residues, is a recently defined post-translational modification. It has been demonstrated that lactylation can alter protein transcription, thereby affecting the transmission of genetic information and ultimately exerting diverse effects on health and diseases. Here, we review the existing literature and summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of lactylation on both histone and non-histone proteins. We hope to explore lactylation targets for different diseases, thus providing potential clues for new therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: lactylation; tumor; inflammation; metabolic reprogramming lactylation; tumor; inflammation; metabolic reprogramming
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MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Shang, D.; Xiang, H. Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance. Biomolecules 2025, 15, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060810

AMA Style

Xu Y, Zhang L, Shang D, Xiang H. Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance. Biomolecules. 2025; 15(6):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060810

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Yao, Lu Zhang, Dong Shang, and Hong Xiang. 2025. "Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance" Biomolecules 15, no. 6: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060810

APA Style

Xu, Y., Zhang, L., Shang, D., & Xiang, H. (2025). Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance. Biomolecules, 15(6), 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060810

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