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Biomolecules
Volume 13
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10.3390/biom13111640
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Systematic Review

A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease

by
Niousha Djahanpour
1,†,
Naiyara Ahsan
1,†,
Ben Li
1,
Hamzah Khan
1,
Kim Connelly
2,3,
Howard Leong-Poi
2,3 and
Mohammad Qadura
1,2,4,*
1
Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
2
Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
3
Division of Cardiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
4
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2023, 13(11), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640
Submission received: 9 October 2023 / Revised: 9 November 2023 / Accepted: 9 November 2023 / Published: 12 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)
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Abstract

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries and is a major contributor to limb loss and death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that interleukins (ILs) play an important role in the development and progression of PAD; however, a comprehensive literature review has not been performed. Methods: A systematic review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE was searched from inception to 5 December 2022, and all studies assessing the association between ILs and PAD were included. Results: We included 17 studies from a pool of 771 unique articles. Five pro-inflammatory ILs (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8) and one pro-atherogenic IL (IL-12) were positively correlated with PAD diagnosis and progression. In contrast, two anti-inflammatory ILs (IL-4 and IL-10) were protective against PAD diagnosis and adverse limb events. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-8 were the most strongly associated with PAD and can act as potential disease biomarkers to support the identification and treatment of PAD. Conclusions: Ongoing work to identify and validate diagnostic/prognostic inflammatory biomarkers for PAD has the potential to assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for further evaluation and management which could reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb events.
Keywords: interleukin; biomarker; prediction; diagnosis; prognosis; peripheral artery disease interleukin; biomarker; prediction; diagnosis; prognosis; peripheral artery disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Djahanpour, N.; Ahsan, N.; Li, B.; Khan, H.; Connelly, K.; Leong-Poi, H.; Qadura, M. A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640

AMA Style

Djahanpour N, Ahsan N, Li B, Khan H, Connelly K, Leong-Poi H, Qadura M. A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(11):1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640

Chicago/Turabian Style

Djahanpour, Niousha, Naiyara Ahsan, Ben Li, Hamzah Khan, Kim Connelly, Howard Leong-Poi, and Mohammad Qadura. 2023. "A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease" Biomolecules 13, no. 11: 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640

APA Style

Djahanpour, N., Ahsan, N., Li, B., Khan, H., Connelly, K., Leong-Poi, H., & Qadura, M. (2023). A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease. Biomolecules, 13(11), 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640

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